This study analyzes the technological challenges and development pathways of deep-sea green mining, aiming to construct a technology system oriented toward commercial development and provide theoretical support for China's deep-sea resource development strategy. Based on the whole-process technical indicators and green paradigm of "prospecting ‒ mining ‒ transportation ‒ processing," the study investigates key breakthrough directions and engineering paths for deep-sea green mining from four dimensions: environmental disturbance control, intelligent system coordination, energy structure optimization, and system integration verification. The research proposes a whole-process technical evaluation system covering five categories of indicators—green, economic, reliable, intelligent, and safe—and constructs a green mining paradigm classification model based on resource efficiency, environmental impact, and energy structure. It also identifies systematic challenges in technology integration, environmental adaptability, energy supply, and monitoring and evaluation for deep-sea mining. Furthermore, the study clarifies future key breakthrough directions such as precision collection, digital twin systems, deep-sea hybrid energy supply, and modular integration. The findings indicate that achieving deep-sea green mining urgently requires coordinated advancement in three major directions: green, intelligent, and systematic development. This can be accelerated through land-based and pilot-scale testing platforms to promote technology integration and engineering transformation, alongside strengthened international standardization and data collaboration, thereby advancing deep-sea mining from technological exploration toward a new stage of green, safe, and sustainable commercial development.