Green low-carbon methanol, as a liquid energy carrier, is well suited to China's resource endowment of abundant wind, solar, and coal resources and to its current energy structure. It has a realistic basis and strategic value for large-scale and low-carbon development. The development of green low-carbon methanol can contribute to solving several key challenges in an integrated manner, including clean utilization of coal, soil improvement, renewable energy consumption, reduced dependence on imported oil, and carbon neutrality. It also enables the coordinated integration of conventional energy, renewable energy, food production, and ecological governance. This study focuses on the emission reduction potential of green low-carbon methanol in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. It examines the advantages of green low-carbon methanol in end-use substitution across transportation, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Moreover, it proposes pathways for the low-carbon transformation of conventional coal-to-methanol production and develops a blueprint for a methanol economy covering low-carbon production, soil improvement, long-distance transportation, and multi-scenario application. The study further provides recommendations in six aspects: production pathway optimization, expansion of end-use application, transportation system construction, adjustment of carbon emission accounting methods, formulation of standards for civilian use, and reconstruction of methanol's energy attributes. From the perspective of new energy, it proposes the establishment of a regulatory and standardization system for methanol to promote the transition from coal-based methanol to green low-carbon methanol integrated with renewable energy and soil improvement. The development of green low-carbon methanol can provide an important support for China in diversifying its energy structure, safeguarding its energy and food security, and gradually achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.