Harmony between man and nature is the core essence of building a Beautiful China. During the 15th Five-Year period, the construction of a Beautiful China enters a crucial phase that bridges past efforts with future goals, aiming to achieve fundamental improvement in the ecological environment. This demands higher standards for biodiversity conservation. This study summarizes the current status of biodiversity conservation in China and examines the primary pressures and challenges that biodiversity conservation will face during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Aligning these efforts with the strategic goals of a Beautiful China and implementing the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework," the study proposes a new-era action framework for biodiversity conservation across three dimensions: temporal sequence, spatial pattern, and social governance. The framework introduces differentiated biodiversity-conservation strategies for the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions of China, along with a collaborative governance pathway engaging government, enterprises, and the public. To achieve the goal of building a Beautiful China where man and nature coexist in harmony, the study recommend strengthening biodiversity conservation in the following key areas during the 15th Five-Year period: enhancing the coordinated governance of biodiversity conservation alongside pollution and carbon reduction; deepening mechanisms for the sustainable utilization and equitable benefit-sharing of biodiversity; mainstreaming biodiversity considerations into policies and practices; and implementing a series of landmark conservation projects. These efforts aim to support the high-quality development of a Beautiful China through high-standard conservation, thereby improving China's biodiversity governance capacity and solidifying the natural ecological foundation for the construction of a Beautiful China.