Green manufacturing, at the macro level, aims for the green development of China's manufacturing sector. At the micro level, it focuses on minimizing environmental impact and enhancing resource efficiency throughout a product's entire life cycle. Green manufacturing can enable enterprises to achieve a win-win outcome encompassing economic, environmental, and social benefits. Over the past decade, the manufacturing industry of China has fully embraced the principle that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” and achieved positive outcomes. This study reviews the key actions and achievements of green manufacturing in China over the past decade, demonstrates the inevitability of employing green energy as the crucial engine in the future, and proposes key supporting paths for the next decade. The study finds that, by adhering to the mainline of greening traditional sectors and expanding green industries, China has achieved significant milestones in coordinating the modernization of the industrial system, low-carbon restructuring of the energy mix, efficiency-enhancing circular utilization of resources, digital-intelligent empowerment of manufacturing processes, clean transformation of production procedures, and systematic improvement of the policy system. By doing so, new technologies and industries have been substantially developed, such as green energy, green transportation equipment, energy conservation and environmental protection, remanufacturing, and carbon management. As a result, the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry has been consolidated from the perspective of the global supply chain. In the future, China should unswervingly persist in developing clean energy by strengthening the competitive edge of green energy, optimizing the paradigm of green electricity utilization, building up a new electricity system, promoting the low-carbon restructuring of the industrial production system, and strengthening the guarantee of key policies.