Non-carbon dioxide (CO₂) greenhouse gases exhibit significant differences in physicochemical properties from CO₂, with large total emissions, dispersed sources, and obvious cross-industry characteristics. Against the background of China's commitment to the nationally determined contribution target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions across the entire economy by 2035, controlling non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions becomes both challenging and urgent. This study reviews the situation of non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emission control in China, and analyzes the key control elements, including emission processes and formation mechanisms, emission monitoring and accounting methods, emission reduction and resource utilization technologies and measures, as well as emission reduction pathways and governance strategies. Moreover, the study proposes a management approach guided by systematic governance, incorporating non-CO₂ greenhouse gases into a unified governance framework. Additionally, an overall governance structure consisting of "one body, two supporting wings, a three-tier architecture, and four types of support" is constructed. An integrated and coordinative governance strategy covering various gases, major industries, emission reduction and socioeconomic development, as well as domestic and international dimensions are implemented, with a focus on path innovation in governance enabled by artificial intelligence. Active actions can be taken in strengthening top-level design and institutional development, enhancing technological innovation and talent support, stimulating market vitality and industrial innovation, and planning global agendas and international cooperation. These efforts aim to accelerate the improvement in China's non-CO₂ greenhouse gas governance system, promote comprehensive greenhouse gas reduction, and deeply participate in global climate governance.