The high-end equipment manufacturing industry is a cornerstone of national economic and defense security, and its systemic security is directly linked to a nation's capacity for autonomous industrial and supply chain governance, as well as the nation's competitive initiative on the global stage. In response to China's strategic demand during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, this study constructs a six-dimensional analytical framework for industrial system security, encompassing autonomy in key technologies, resilience of industrial and supply chains, market self-sufficiency, dominance in standards and specifications, seamless data flow, and information security assurance. The study integrates industrial data analysis, case studies, and quantitative assessment via the innovation development index, and focuses on four core sectors: machine tools, robotics, medical equipment, and pressure equipment. It examines the compound challenges—spanning foundational, structural, ecological, and environmental dimensions—faced by China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry in the context of an evolving global competitive landscape. The study reveals that China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry exhibits a dualistic character: leading in scale yet catching up in quality, vibrant in dynamism yet lagging in transformation. Significant constraints stem from weaknesses in core technologies, high-end components, and industrial software. The research argues that overcoming these bottlenecks necessitates a coordinated governance strategy combining asymmetric technological breakthroughs with systematic ecosystem development. Accordingly, this study proposes a comprehensive policy framework structured around five pillars: technological breakthroughs, supply chain resilience enhancement, intelligent monitoring and early warning, rule and standards shaping, and ecosystem cultivation. Specific measures include: advancing asymmetric technological breakthroughs; constructing a "backup + resilience" supply chain architecture; establishing a national intelligent monitoring and early warning platform; improving autonomous standards and data governance frameworks; and deepening the integration of the "four chains" (i.e., innovation, industry, capital, and talent chains) while accelerating "artificial intelligence +" initiatives. These recommendations aim to provide decision-making references for building a secure, controllable, efficient, and internationally competitive high-end equipment manufacturing industrial system.