In the context of advancing urban resilience and modernizing the national governance system, dual-use public infrastructure has emerged as a pivotal spatial carrier for coordinating urban development and security. However, the implementation of the dual-use concept at the planning level faces systemic challenges, including the lack of top-level design, disconnections in transmission mechanisms, and barriers to cross-departmental coordination. This study reviews the conceptual evolution and policy trajectory of dual-use public infrastructure, and explores the jurisprudential logic and integration challenges concerning its alignment with the five-level, three-category territorial space planning system. The study reveals that the development of dual-use infrastructure is by no means a mere stacking of individual projects; rather, it represents a profound transformation of the logic underpinning territorial space governance. Through a comparative case study of three typical cities (i.e., Beijing, Chengdu, and Xi'an), the study identifies four core bottlenecks: jurisprudential conflicts in planning, ineffective indicator transmission, spatial misallocation, and incomplete standards and specifications. Drawing upon the system theory, planning integration theory, collaborative governance theory, and whole-life cycle management theory, this study constructs a closed-loop embedding framework consisting of strategic leadership, spatial constraints, facility coordination, and practical implementation. Accordingly, a systematic embedding pathway is proposed, encompassing four dimensions: strengthening top-level design guidance, optimizing the planning compilation system, reconstructing a collaborative governance framework, and refining laws and standards. This research aims to translate dual-use requirements from policy discourse into statutory planning control requirements, providing theoretical support and strategic references for achieving dual-use coordination and enhancing urban resilience.