Advanced bio-liquid represent a critical complementary pathway for achieving deep decarbonization in the transportation sector, and hold significant strategic values particularly in sectors that are difficult to electrify, such as aviation, shipping, and certain heavy-duty transportation. This study systematically analyzes the development positioning, resource base, technical pathways, and emission reduction potentials of advanced bio-liquid fuels in China. It assesses the reserves of non-food biomass resources, such as waste oils/fats and lignocellulosic biomass, as well as the development prospects of major technical pathways, including biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch fuels, alcohol-based jet fuel, and bio-methanol. The study indicates that the use of advanced bio-liquid fuels could reduce emissions by approximately 2.34 ×10⁸ tCO₂ by 2060. Among these, the contribution of road transportation to emission reductions will gradually decline as electrification progresses, while sustainable aviation fuels and low-carbon marine fuels will become key avenues for future emissions reductions in the transportation sector. Although waste oils/fats offer advantages for near-term deployment, their resource scale is limited. In the medium to long term, efforts must gradually expand toward lignocellulosic and synthetic fuel pathways. In the future, China needs to establish mechanisms for feedstock supply, life-cycle carbon accounting, and green fuel markets to promote the coordinated development of advanced biofuels with electrification and hydrogen energy, thereby providing support for deep decarbonization in the transportation sector.