Against the backdrop of global green trade barriers reshaping the industrial landscape, the carbon accounting system has emerged as a strategic hub for China's industrial security and low-carbon transition. From the perspective of industrial security, this study examines the evolutionary characteristics and multipolar patterns of international carbon governance standards, with a focus on the development status of China's green environmental industry. It identifies the security risks China faces regarding data sovereignty, market access, accounting standards, and key technologies. Furthermore, it constructs a synergy framework for industrial carbon reduction and security based on carbon accounting: basic industries consolidate their foundation through the implementation of a circular economy; traditional industries adopt defensive strategies toward systemic decarbonization; and emerging industries pursue proactive strategies focusing on technological breakthroughs and overseas expansion. To strengthen industrial chain resilience and international influence, the study proposes four pathways that focus on improving policy coordination mechanisms, optimizing systems for addressing green trade challenges, refining carbon accounting standards and data governance, and making breakthroughs in core technologies, thus to achieve the integration of high-quality development and high-level security.