The intelligent economy is shifting demand for computing power from point-based, static, and general-purpose forms to scenario-oriented, real-time, heterogeneous, and low-carbon forms. As a result, the construction of new computing power networks is gradually transitioning from resource expansion to collaborative operation across the industrial chain. From the perspective of industrial chain collaboration, this study analyzes the structure, mechanisms, and pathways of new computing power networks in the context of the intelligent economy. It addresses problems including inadequate unified management and control of computing power resources; inadequate coordination of networking and computing; inefficient integration of computing power, electricity, and carbon; regional mismatches in supply and demand; insufficient compatibility between upstream and downstream sectors; and imperfect rules for ecosystem governance. The study argues that the industrial chain of new computing power networks comprises an upstream basic supply layer, a midstream platform operation and scheduling layer, a downstream application layer, and four horizontal support systems related to network, energy, security, as well as standards and policies. Its collaborative operation takes the form of a three-dimensional coupling process among factors, space, and actors. Core tasks include the integration of heterogeneous computing power, coordination of networking and computing, computing‒electricity‒carbon synergy, regional computing power collaboration, matching supply and demand while cultivating upstream and downstream linkages, and ecosystem governance collaboration. Computing power operation agents can perform technical operation functions such as resource sensing, task scheduling, contract performance monitoring, risk early warning, and decision support within established rules and authorized boundaries, and they constitute important support for enhancing collaboration efficiency across levels, regions, and actors. In the near term, priority can be given to resource collaboration as well as coordination of networking and computing. In the medium term, efforts can be intensified to deepen supply‒demand, computing‒electricity‒carbon, and regional collaboration. In the long term, it is advisable to improve standard interfaces, transaction rules, security responsibilities, reputation evaluation, and international cooperation mechanisms, thereby forming a systematic pathway for the industrial chain collaboration of new computing power networks.