The low-altitude economy is a new productivity booster and a strategic emerging industry with broad development prospects. Low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as superior platforms for diversified technological equipment, are poised to become the backbone of this economic sector through their high-performance and intelligent capabilities. This study correlates the modal, flight, and autonomous capabilities of low-altitude UAVs with their structural materials and flight control systems, positioning and navigation technologies, and autonomous intelligence systems. Through in-depth analysis of the current status and research trends across these three domains, the study proposes future technical directions focusing on bionic configurations, composite materials, multi-source fusion positioning, and hybrid intelligent algorithms. To advance the innovative development of low-altitude UAV technologies, the research recommends four strategic measures: (1) strengthening policy guidance and infrastructure development, (2) promoting technological innovation and optimizing industrial layout, (3) expanding application scenarios through demonstration projects, and (4) establishing comprehensive security protection systems. These initiatives aim to facilitate the high-quality development of China's UAV industry and low-altitude economy.