The medical protection of chemical and biological ( CB ) weapons is one of the most important categories of military medicine. An realized risk of chemical and biological threat still remain in the 21st century. The rapid progress in biotechnology and other related R&D may provide new change in CB weapon technologies, which will make a great challenge to medical protection in the future. In this paper, the status of CB weapons, CB disarmament and trends in CB defense technology are introduced, and discussions on the key concerns of CB defense and medical protection in the future are presented.