In this paper, swine breeding process in the world, especially in China was summarized, including the investigation of native breed resources, importing excellent foreign breeds, selection of new breeds and special lines, cross utilization of special lines, breeding swine testing , etc. The application and achievements of molecular genetics and biotechnology in swine breeding were briefly introduced. The goals of swine breeding in 21st century were discussed, and some suggestion on selection and breeding of new breeds, preservation of swine genetic resources, breeding swine testing system and application of molecular genetics and biotechnology in swine breeding were presented.