South China has become the third largest region with heavy acid deposition after Europe and North America. The land seriously impacted by acid deposition has extended from 1.75 million km² in 1985 to 2.8 million km² in 1993. Acid deposition has serious damaged the terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper, the results of experimental and field studies on the impacts of acid deposition on agricultural crops, forests, soils and aquatic biota is reported. Annual economic losses in crops and forests due to acid deposition in 11 provinces of South China were estimated to be 4.26 billion Yuan (RMB) and 18.3 billion Yuan (RMB) , respectively. Acid deposition in south China is typical “sulfuric acid type”.According to the view of sustainable development, some control strategies are brought forward： 1. Strengthing environmental management, specifying acid deposition control area, and controlling and abating the total emission amount of SO₂.2. Employing practical techniques of clean coal, such as techniques of washing pyrite off from raw coal, industrial sulfur-fixed briqutte, and abating sulfur from waste gas, etc. 3. Developing alternative energy sources to replace coal, including hydroenergy, nuclear, solar and wind energy, etc. 4. In acid deposition region of South China, selecting acid-resistant crop and tree species to reduce agriculture and forestry losses, planting more green fertilizer crops, using organic fertilizers and liming to raise buffer capacities of soils.