Based on the review of the evolution of human's exploiting and utilizing natural resources this paper declares that natural resources ecology, geography, geology and economy are four theoretical props for the exploitation and utilization research of natural resources. In the light of the problems of methods and media of exploitation and utilization research of natural resources, the paper expounds the necessity and connotation of trans-discipline synthetic research from the view of the scientific integration and complexity and the systematicness and comprehensiveness for the exploitation and utilization of natural resources. Meanwhile, the paper puts forward that research yardstick, department benefit, culture discrepancy and viewpoint difference are four mains obstructions for the trans-discipline synthetic research of exploitation and utilization of natural resources. Then the paper clarifies that defining research problem, stipulating research yardstick, selecting suitable target, organizing research group and establishing evaluation criterion are five key steps for the outstanding trans-discipline synthetic research of exploitation and utilization of natural resources. Finally, the paper points out that effective allocation for the exploitation and utilization of natural resources, reconstruction and developing renewal of ecology and environment systems, protection of geological environment, and exploitation and utilization of natural resources for the fragile regions of ecology and environment are the current hotspots of exploitation and utilization research of natural resources.