After experiencing two major breakthrouths-one, through breeding for dwarfs and the other, through use of hybrid heterosis-rice-yield level has stagnated for a long time. The third breakthrough in yield should come from breeding for super high yield, to be realized by combining the use of an ideal plant type and the use of growth vigor. Research findings have shown that increasing the biological yield is the material basis, whereas optimizing yield components is the precondition for attaining such a goal. The findings have also indicated that the effective way to develop super high-yielding varieties is to create a plant type and harness the mighty vigor through crossing indica with japonica subspecies, or crossing geographically distant varieties. This two advantages are then consolidated through optimizing the combination of desirable traits via multiple crossing or backcrossing. Based on this theory and method, germplasm with new plant type and super high-yielding japonica varieties have been developed. And grain-yield has registered 12〜13 t/hm². The most distinctive feature of the varieties is their erect heavy panicle and substantial biomass production. Judging from the perspectives of photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production, such an erect panicle type could be another phenomenal change in adjusting the japonica rice plant type to meet the maximum requirement.