There is limited agricultural land but large population in China. Along with the rapid economic development, large area of agricultural land is converted to be nonagricultural use by numerous projects every year. There is obvious conflict between population growth and agricultural land reduction. In order to support sustainable economic development, the Chinese Government has decided to implement the protection system of primary agricultural land. Class 1 and Class 2 of high quality agricultural land is defined based on the detailed rural land survey. These higher quality agricultural lands are listed as primary agricultural land and protected with strict regulations. The primary agricultural land protection system is one of the basic conditions to support sustainable development and prosperity of China.