Northeast China refers to the region including Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and the northeastern past of inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, i. e. Chifeng City, Tongliao City, Xing an League and Hulun Buir City. Covering an area of 124×10⁴km²with a population of 119 million, this region features developed industries, biggest forest zone arid best grassland in China. It is the largest commodity grain base as well. However, the decades-long crude production and extensive management has resulted in the decline of part of industries and agriculture and the degradation of environment, such as the exhaustion of the fellable forest; the degeneration, desertification and salinization of grassland; the serious loss of black earth; the pollution of water sesources, the dry up of rivers and the decrease of wetland; the environmental problems in abandoned mining areas. The only choice for reinvigorating the northeast China old industrial base is to change the economic growth pattern timely and build the resource-conservation and environment-friendly society. The author brings forward eight strategic proposals: not increasing the total area of arable land, not decreasing the area of forest, grassland and wetland, and rationally controlling the land for urban and industrial use; tapping the huge potential of agriculture and building China's largest agricultural product base; taking further measures to ensure the sustainable development of the forest industry; promoting the urbanization process and properly address urban water resources crisis and preventing geological disasters in coal mine-based cities; enhancing geological prospecting to consolidate the guarantee of resources; protecting water environment and preventing water from pollution; controlling the use of water for socio-economic purpose in the western part of the region so as to protect the ecological environment; rationally allocating water resources to contribute the harmonious development between man and nature.