The development of industry of uranium mining and metallurgy in China has been reviewed generally, emphasizing investigation approaches and application levels of uranium mining technologies such as in-situ leaching and heap leaching, stope leaching.On the basis of analysis on status of uranium mining and metallurgy and problems are existed, also considering the specific features of deposit resources, the development orientation of uranium mining and metallurgy in China is pointed out. The industry of China uranium mining and metallurgy is faced to new opportunity of development and challenge in 21th century, and the only way to realize sustainable development of uranium mining and metallurgy and harmonious development between economy and environment is to develop new technology on mining, ore beneficiation and metallurgy, increase the utilization level of uranium resources and low down impact on environment caused by mining and metallurgy.