It is of local, regional and global importance to understand the environmental changes on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Difference on bio-geochemical process of the sediment-water interface exists among lakes so that protection approaches to water resources vary. a. The coal mining in the catchment of Lake Aha causes Fe-Mn accumulation in the sediment leading to the seasonal secondary pollution. In anoxic condition, the sulphate deoxidization migrates to the upper layer of sediments which results in Fe2+ screening of the diffusive boundary layer. The Fe-Mn cycling is controlled by both the sediment-water geological interface and oxidation-reduction chemical interface. Controlling Fe-Mn release and reducing their flux into the lake, selecting good-quality water district and cleaning sludge are efficient ways to control pollutions. b. Paroxysmal deterioration of water quality in Lake Baihua appeared in autumn, 1994 in Guizhou. Analysis of incident cross-correlation water-quality indicators indicated that the "Lake Black Tide"  resulted from the coupling of bio-oxidation of depositional organic matters under the specific season and climatic conditions; pH-restraint of de-nitric process led to increase in NO-2 concentration. The water quality was expected to recover in times with the balancing of oxygen in waters, input of water flow and better weather conditions. This was confirmed by the late monitoring. c. The average sedimentation rate of Lake Erhai is 0.047 g ·cm^-2 ·a^-1. The Pb-isotopic compositions of recent sediments indicate that may have a stable source. The depositional organic matter originates mainly from the land. In the chemical processes of early diagenesis, the Corg vertical profiles of sediments show three stages "Deposition-Decomposition-Accumulation" . In the last 460 years, small-scope frequent fluctuation of δ¹³C_org and synchronically decreasing trends of δ¹³C_inorg and δ¹⁸O_inorg indicate an obvious influence of human activity in the catchment. Control of input flux of terrestrial organic matters into Lake Erhai is a fundamental strategy. d. Lake Chenghai in Yunnan is a moderate-eutrophic lake with a total ion concentration close to a low limit of saline lake. The atomic ratios of H_org/C_org and C_org/N_org indicate that the organic matters mainly stem from the endogenous plankton algae remains; there is a good synchronous relationship of the depositional fluxes between 210Pbex and Corg in the sedimentary records. In particular, the synchronizations over the time indicate the increase in the lake primary productivity. The Clean-Effect reflects an adjustive role of lake nature function in the lake eutrophication.