Low permeability oil and gas resource of China is abundant and has a great potential of exploration and development. Great exploration discoveries in low permeability sandstone, marine carbonate and volcanic rock fields were acquired and top international matching development technology in low permeability was created. Scale effective development in low permeability oil and gas reservoir was achieved. Oil and gas production in low permeability reservoir increased continuously and the proportion in production components is increasing yearly. New proved reserves and remaining oil and gas reserves considered, low permeability oil and gas resource is the main objects of exploration and development in future. Low permeability resources are the mainstream of exploration and development in China oil and gas industry and have an immense strategic importance for nation energy security.