This article intends to give a systematic review of three sediment pollution control techniques, that is environmental dredging technology, in-situ capping technology, and in-situ inactivation technology, which have been applied successfully in many cases home and abroad. Through a detailed summary, the three techniques have been clearly displayed about the characteristics, main technical processes, primary environment problems during construction and application status, etc. On comparision of advantages and disadvantages of the three techniques, environmental dredging technology is recommended to apply to economy relatively advanced area with heavily sediment polluted lake bay or river mouth. In-situ capping technology is applicable for moderate-deep lakes and rivers, while in-situ inactivation technology is applicable for non-drinking function lakes with weak wave disturbance. The application foreground of the three techniques in sediment pollution control in Chinese lakes is also prospected.