Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation on resource gross, utilization and distributing of China's agricultural biomass in this paper, it is showed that China has abundant agricultural biomass resources which mainly include crop straw and manure, and it will be the future developing emphases with a great developing potential. If using reserve land resources, applying alternative planting and improving unit area yield, the developing potential of fuel ethanol is 20 million ton. All of these could provide reference for establishing biomass policies and plans.