The guarantee feedstock resources for developing bio-energy in China were introduced in this paper, including land resources, forest resources, straw resource, agricultural residual and organic waste. The significance and developing prospect of biomass energy were presented from a strategic perspective. Main bio-energy products and biomass conversion techniques were reviewed, such as fuel ethanol, biodiesel, biogas and bio-pelletes etc. The goals of developing bio-energy at different stages in our nation from now to 2050 were introduced, and some feasible advices were given from the views of policy, technology and environmental protection.