The Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) carried out an atmospheric scientific experiment on the detection of dust weather using a wind profiler radar in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert in April 2010. Based on the wind profiler radar data obtained from this experiment, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the horizontal wind field and vertical velocity of a breaking dust weather in a desert hinterland, calculates and gives the radar echo intensity and vertical distribution of a dust storm, blowing sand and floating dust weather, and discusses the atmospheric dust counts/concentration derived from the wind profiler radar data. Studies show that a wind profiler radar is an upper air atmospheric remote sensing system that effectively detects and monitors dust. It captures the beginning and ending of a dust weather process as well as monitors the sand and dust being transported in the air in terms of height, thickness and vertical intensity. The echo intensity of a blowing sand and dust storm weather episode in Taklimakan is about -3~10dBZ while that of floating dustis -15~-3 dBZ, indicating that the dust echo intensity is significantly weaker than that of precipitation while stronger than that of clear air.