A China-Japan cooperative JICA (Japan international cooperation agency) project on monitoring the Tibetan plateau atmosphere (JICA/Tibet Project) was implemented from 2005 to 2009. Over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding region, the JICA/Tibet Project set up a comprehensive atmospheric observing system, including the GPS water vapor observations, the observations of radio soundings, automatic weather stations (AWSs), wind profilers, planetary boundary layer (PBL) observing system and water surface observing system, as well as the satellite remote sensing observations. The implementation of the JICA/Tibet Project not only enhances greatly the capability on monitoring the plateau atmosphere and collecting the meteorological data, but also raises both quality and quantity of the atmospheric observing data over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding region. In the JICA/Tibet Project, the severe weather early warning and forecasting platform were set up and applied to the routine meteorological operations. The comprehensive three-dimension atmospheric observing system over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding region built by the JICA/Tibet Project has important values not only for the scientific researches on the weather and climate over the Tibetan Plateau and their impacts, but also for the real application in preventing and reducing meteorological disasters through raising capabilities of monitoring, warning and predicting disastrous weather and climate.