It is important to develop a healthy and stable cotton production in China, because cotton is one of the most economically important crops in China. Firstly, the main achievements gained among the "11th Five-year Plan" of cotton researches on basic research, transgenic insect-resistant, molecular breeding, and technologies that can utilize varieties efficiently were introduced;secondly, the main problems of cotton production such as the shortage of production capacity, the damage of the verticillium wilt, and the threats produced by secondary pests were described;finally, in order to improve the innovativeness and competitiveness of China's cotton production, the following suggestions on cotton production development were provided: explore saline land and dry land to plant cotton, cultivate especial-early varieties that can be sowed after the harvest of wheat or rape, improve the technology application of molecular design breeding and promote the automation of cotton production to reduce labor intensity.