Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) separation are effective technologies， and have been used in many fields such as the desalination of seawater， ultrapure water production， wastewater treatment as well as water softening. Since the inherent chemistry of the monomers employed in the interfacial polymerization is believed to play a major role in determining the properties of the resulting TFC membranes， a deeper insight into the relationship between the properties of the membrane chemistry and the chemistry of functional monomers is necessary. In the present report， series of novel RO as well as NF membranes based on new type of polyacyl chloride monomers have been prepared. We systematically investigated the intrinsic relationship between the physicochemical properties， transport performance as well as anti-fouling properties of the resultant membranes and the chemistry the polycayl chloride monomers. The result reveal that， as the functionality of the acid chloride monomer increased， the resulting membrane skin layer became more negatively charged， thinner and smoother， and better antifouling ability. All the four membranes exhibited close salt rejection rates. Additionally， a novel positively charged thin film composite NF membrane was prepared utilizing the highly functional 2，2’，4，4’，6，’6-biphenyl hexaacyl chloride (BHAC) monomer. This NF membrane exhibits high efficiencies for many NF applications including rejection of divalent cations， removal of basic dyes and selective separation of mixed cations.