To learn the contraceptive willingness and it’s affecting factors among women after cesarean section in Beijing. Stratified cluster sampling and randomized data collection by questionnaires of women after cesarean section from July 2011 to December 2011 in various areas in Beijing and data analyzed by Chi-squared test and Logistic Regression. The results show that the average age of the target women was (31±4.53) years old. The median of the women’s planning intercourse after cesarean section was 7 weeks. 96.43 % of the women were unaware of the methods for postnatal contraception. Only 27.74 % of them will take contraception as soon as possible after cesarean section and 75.27 % of them preferred condom. 72.25 % of the women had no plan for contraception or will take contraceptive methods until 3 months after cesarean section. 62.64 % of the women received postnatal contraceptive counseling，condom ranked the first among the methods recommended by the doctors. The protecting factors for women take contraception as soon as possible after cesarean section were that the doctors emphasize the importance of postnatal contraception and women aware of postnatal contraception. Unmet needs of postnatal contraception were high among the target women. They hoped to get professional counseling during antenatal care or postnatal home visits. There are risks of pregnancy after cesarean section. More attention should be paid for contraception implementation as soon as possible after cesarean section. It is suggested that postnatal contraceptive services should be carried out to explore the service model in Beijing and to meet the unmet needs to reduce unwanted pregnancy after cesarean section which will be helpful to decrease the risk of induced abortion after cesarean section.