In order to understand the general state of health of the couples planning a pregnancy，carry out the progestational health education and eugenics counseling work and reduce the risk of birth defects，the data of progestational eugenic health examination for 606 pairs of couples of agro-pastoralist and floating population meeting the policy on birth and planning a pregnancy were analyzed. The number of smoking man is 381，accounting for 62.87 % of the total number of male subjects；the number of passive smoking woman is 324，accounting for 53.46 % of the total number of female subjects. A total of 152 men and women exist bad eating habits；a total of 228 men and women are exposed to pesticides and new fitment，paint and so on. The disease incidence of woman’s reproductive system phlegmonosis is the highest among the diseases detected. The results showed that the subjects are lack of progestational eugenic knowledge and apathy of eugenic sense due to the low educational level，language barriers and other factors. Therefore，we should provide comprehensive guidance for the couples planning a pregnancy according to the results of progestational eugenic health examination，so as to effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects and improve the quality of the population.