Ecological civilization construction is the theoretical innovation of the path to socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the fundamental element in building a beautiful China and implementing the “moderate prosperity” program in a well-rounded way. At the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, strategic mission for the construction of ecological civilization is established. Since then, ecological civilization has been developed vigorously all over the country. Nevertheless, in terms of the performance, ecological civilization construction in our country is still at an early stage, and faced with various challenges, such as rapid development of urbanization, gradually increased pollution reduction pressure, poor ecological environment productivity, imperfect management system, insufficient support of engineering technology, and increasingly complex international situation. Ecological civilization construction needs to launch ecological civilization education, strengthen the comprehensive management of the environment, reasonably exploit and utilize resources, establish and improve the ecological civilization regime, strengthen the engineering technology innovation, and enhance international cooperation in the future work.