In this paper, the conflict between individual needs of market and the efficient mass production requirement of manufacture under the background of market globalization is discussed, a trend that the main production mode for domestic steel industry should be the “mass customization” is pointed out. Summarizing the practice of Baosteel Co .Ltd. on production mode since 1980s,the need and the favorable conditions of putting the new production mode into practice in Baosteel are illustrated and the problems to be settled are remarked.
The strategic position of TCM has increasingly been attracting peoples' attention. In order to make TCM more understood, the paper describes the cognition field, cognition process, the scope and network and the practice goal of Chinese medical knowledge, as well as some special topics such as the yin-yang and five elements, the visceral outward manifestation and the channels and collaterals, the pathogeny, the rule of treatment and material medica, etc.
Many professionals are to be cultured to improve the efficiency of engineering management. The actuality of the engineering management subject is analyzed, and its characters are indicated. The problems about the education of the engineering management subject are studied, and the corresponding strategies are advanced in this paper.
Based on the recognition of difference between science, technology and engineering, this paper discusses the relationship between applied sciences and engineering sciences. The applied .sciences deal with knowledge having value of practical usage which laid the foundations to develop useful technologies. The engineering sciences contain comprehensive knowledge both about technology and management. The paper also gives a suggestion of establishing a comprehensive engineering science named as the natural engineering science and discusses the relationship between the systematic science and engineering science.
If the autonomous navigation techniques are applied to a navigation constellation, the number of the ground control stations, the message injecting frequency from the ground stations to satellites and system maintenance cost may be reduced significantly. Meanwhile, the integrity of navigation messages can be monitored in the real-time mode and the survivability of the navigation system also enhanced. The autonomous navigation will be gradually a main research subject for the next generation navigation satellite system. Firstly, the information processing flow of the autonomous navigation constellation is described systematically in this paper. Secondly, the key techniques to realize the autonomous navigation for the navigation constellation, including the long-term prediction of the ephemerides and clock parameters, establishment and maintenance for the cross measurement and communication links, autonomous time synchronization, autonomous ephemeris updating, robust filtering, establishment of the constellation rotation models, long-term prediction of the earth rotation and polar drift parameters, are presented as an important part of the paper. Moreover, the approaches to actualize the key techniques are analyzed and the relative mathematic models are also demonstrated in detail. Finally, the autonomous time synchronization and ephemeris updating are simulated. It is clearly shown from the simulated results that by processing the inter-satellite measurement data with the on-board Kalman filters and updating continually the clock parameters and ephemerides, the time synchronization and ephemeris updating among the satellites can be implemented autonomously and highly-accurately. Therefore, the reasonability and feasibility of the information processing flow and key technical algorithms for the autonomous navigation constellation are validated preliminarily.
Based on perception characteristic of human ear, this paper proposes synchronization multi-band maximum likelihood linear regression algorithm for robust speech recognition under noisy condition. The algorithm utilizes maximum likelihood as estimation criteria to compensate the effects of noisy condition with multi-band synchronization model and noise corruption assumption. The tests show that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of recognition system effectively.
The stability of roadway driving along next goaf for fully-mechanized caving face is synthetically influenced by many factors such as intensity of surrounding rock, intensity of coal, mining depth, joint and crack of surrounding rock, mining operation, top coal thickness, width of pillar and roadway section. On the basis of theoretical analysis, practical experience and observation data, the subordination functions of the factors influencing the stability of roadway driving along next goaf for fully-mechanized caving face are structured and the grey-fuzzy classification model is established. The application of examples shows that the model is accurate and reliable, and plays an important part in the support design, construction and management of roadway driving along next goaf for fully-mechanized caving face.
Some new basic concepts are proposed in this paper, including the approximation space of generalization, rough approximation axiom, disturbance set axiom, classification principle of rough set, principle of nondeterministic even set, principle of concentration, game classification, quantum logic classification, bit quantum symmetric classification, incomparable set, bit space set, protocol relation, rough set function of protocol relation, rough classification algebra, rough simple algebra, etc. , and a guess is also proposed. The mathematics viewpoints of knowledge are shown. Based on the protocol relation, the rough quotient algebra and the rough subalgebra are constructed. The avoidance-merge algorithm (A - M algorithm) is presented and an example is given.
The theory of wavelet thresholding denoising is analyzed and applied to process the data measured by gravimeter in order to effectively alleviate the effect of different noise in high precise gravitational system. The signal to noise ration (SNR) is used as the index for evaluating the performance of the data processing methods. Theoretical analysis and emulation experiments indicate that wavelet thresholding denoising, adaptive wavelet thresholding denoising and adaptive Kalman filtering are all effective in alleviating the effects of different noise, but the performance of adaptive wavelet thresholding denoising is best.
The propagating regularity and its influencing matter of shock wave in a 90° bend tunnel were studied experimentally. On the basis of dimensional analysis, a simplified engineering model was built. Through collecting data gained from 4 experiments, a formula was proposed which can compute time of arrival in a 90° bend tunnel due to explosions from high explosive charges. This formula can also be used to compute velocity of shock in the 90° bend tunnel.
The risk of people under building fire is expressed by genetic algorithms (GAs) reliability index β. Elementary program of genetic algorithm is basically discussed. This method is convenient to calculate evacuation reliability when performance function of evacuation is complex and difficult to get differential coefficient. Being compared with the result based on Monte-Carlo, the result of case analysis shows its efficiency, and genetic algorithm can be used to calculate the evacuation reliability with high precision. GAs can give a good new way to study the reliability of evacuation in case of building fire.
A realtime united algorithm for dynamic subbcarrier, bit and power allocation according to the change of channel (UA) is presented in this paper, which can be used into the down-link of multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. With the algorithm the total transmission power is the minimum while the data rate of each user and the required BER performance can be achieved. Comparing to the subcarrier allocation algorithm (WSA) , the simulation results show that the algorithm presented in this paper has better performance while both have equal calculating complexity.
Reducing-fiber technics of 3D hollow coneshaped fabric braided from big end are researched,including row-directional reducing-fiber technic, annulus-directional reducing-fiber technic, reducing-fiber technic by thinning fiber and combination of these technics. Their effects on fabric structure, operation and mechanisation are analyzed and compared. Reducing-fiber technic by thinning fiber is a kind of special annulus-directional reducing-fiber technic, which may keep structure of fabric complete, make operation simple and make motion of carrier mechanised. However, the unit structure may become complecaled with the change of the dimeter of the fiber bundle.
The vibration testing analysis of blasting in Tai-Chang freeway show that it is chamber & deep-hole pre-splitting blasting that can strikingly drop the seismic effect of chamber blasting, so it effectively solves some problems of slope stability, slope quality and safety of building & structure that blasting vibration brings about. The improved technique of chamber blasting is beneficial to extending its scope of application so that it has reference value to similar engineering.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of a biofilter in which aeration process was not performed while adequate pure oxygen was dissolved into the influent before it was pumped to the biofilter. Two bio-ceramic filters were used in the experiment. The conventional aeration means was used in one bio-ceramic filter (BF-A) and raw water was pumped directly to the filter. At the same time, raw water was oversaturated by pure oxygen before it was pumped to another bio-ceramic filter (BF-B) and aeration was not performed in the filter. It was shown that dissolved oxygen in the influent of BF-B met the demand of microorganism in BF-B and the capability of BF-B to remove pollutants in raw water was superior to BF-A. This result indicated the significance of developing appropriate bubbleless aeration device fitting for oxygenation in biological treatment process of drinking water from the point of view of the biological treatment performance.
Highly effective aerosol fire-extinguishing agent (HEAE) is a safe and practical alternative to Halon which developed from pyrotechnics. When HEAE starts up, it generates aerosol products with high temperature so that its temperature must be lowered to not harmful to person and material. Aerosol products are cooled with exterior cooling by use of chemical coolant. This article mainly discussed the influences of refrigerant contents, apertures, proportion of refrigerant on the spout temperature of HEAE.
This paper discerns and analyzes some main factors influencing seismic disasters risk at first, and then, the forecasting model of seismic risk based on the genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks is proposed. The case shows that the model is practical and effective. A kind of forecasting method of seismic disaster risk is presented to decision making departments.
Based on the researches of evaluation methods about road traffic safety in China and abroad, the gray system theory is used for the first time in road traffic safety to set up a trigonometry whitening weight (TWW) function evaluation model in accordance with the request of China's present road traffic safety. And the evaluations of road traffic safety in 2003 in Shandong, Shanghai, Henan, Zhejiang，Guangdong and Jiangsu are studied and compared one another.
The paper, taking the case study of Bole City, Xinjiang, as example, explores the evaluation method of urban competitiveness： firstly, establishing the evaluation index system after detail analysis; secondly, evaluating the urban competitiveness of Bole City using multi-factors valuation; thirdly, putting forward the development strategies of Bole City based on the evaluation results of urban competitiveness.
This Issue
Mar 2006, Volume 8 Issue 3