This article gives a brief account of Academician Qian Xuesen´s life and reviews his outstanding contributions to the development of China´s science and technology in over half of the past century. He always takes Marxist philosophy of dialectical materialism as foothold and starting point whenever studing and obseving problems. He stated that all the modern scientific and technological disciplines should belong to the knowledge hierarchy which was under the guidance of Marxist philosophy of dialectical materialism. The article describes that 50 year ago Qian had made a penetrating exposition on the dialectical relationship between science and technology. His scientific thesis still has important directive function in formulating and promulgating China´s scientific and technological policies. The article devotes a lot of space to describing Qiao´s contributions to engineering cybernetics and systems science. The article also describes the worldwide repercussions and influence evoked by the publishment of Qian´s book Engineering Cybernetics. Besides,Qian summed up the conept and method of systems engineering based on his working environment and experience. This concept has been accepted by many statesmen for analyzing and solving key issues.
In his career path from a scientist to a thinker, Prof. Qian Xuesen has persistently emphasized the important role of organization and management. This paper discussed his advisory contributions to the development of management science of China, including pointing out that raising ideological cognition is the priority for developing management science, emphasizing the role of system engineering in organization and management, advocating considering and solving problem from a holistic point of view, promoting the integration of natural science with social science, insisting on developing management science according to Chinese characteristics.
A brief summary of “metasynthetic wisdom” proposed by famous Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen in recent 20 years is introduced in this article, which includes modern science technology architecture, metasynthesis and hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering.
The idea of great architectural scientific department advanced by professor Qian Xuesen, marked a new milestone in the development of modern science and technology system. The great department of architectural science should be divided into three levels as basic theory, basic science and applied technology. The concept of Shan-shui City, he suggested, is a probe for the urban developing pattern of socialist China in the 21st century.
The Evolvement of the Investigation and application on coal mine fire prevention and fire-fighting techniques in China is summarized. Mine fire prediction & forecast theories and methods, detection ways of coal spontaneous combustion area, mine fire prevention and fire-fighting techniques, detection and control of exogenous fire beginnings, decision-making support system of mine fire prevention and fire extinguishing and so on are presented in detail. Existent problems are analyzed in the investigation and application on coal mine fire prevention and fire-fighting techniques in China.
In this paper, the number and karyotype of chromosomes, DNA content, the mean nuclear erythrocyte volume, gonads and gametes, embryo development, the mechanism of the tetraploid formation, and the appearance in tetraploid hybrid stocks of the red crucian carp (♀）× common carp (♂）were described. The tetraploid hybrids with stable genetic characteristics were inherited from F3 to F11 and a large population of tetraploid fish had been formed. The tetraploid hybrids were essentially different from their parents-red crucian carp and common carp in chromosome number, reproduction and appearance. Based on the genetic characteristics, the bisexual fertility and reproductive isolation, the tetraploid stocks had possessed the good base to form a new tetraploid species in the future. The formation of the new tetraploid stocks had great significance both in the evolutionary theory of vertebrate and in the production application.
A fuzzy neural network based on rough sets is presented in this paper. First, a set of rough rules are found from the given training data by using rough sets theory, then the structure and model are designed according these rules, and then the model is trained by neural network technique. The experiments that simulate the control process of side-wind for chemical fiber are carried out. The results proved its efficiency and feasibility.
Shape survey and control mathematics model,analytical theory for shape stiffness and the shape and gauge coordination control law are called shape meter methcd. In this paper, two experimental methods had been adopted to verify the correctness and practicality of the shape meter method ： one is to roll aluminum plate and calculate the shape stiffness of mill and rolled piece, then survey aluminum plate crown to verify shape stiffness e-quation;the other is to calculate survey data off-line of hot continuous roll,and verify the shape survey and control mathematics model by self-adaptation method.
A model for piston driven, rapid pressure swing reactor is developed. Boundary conditions are presented based on the continuity requirements for pressure, velocity and concentration at the inlet of catalyst bed. 2A↔B + C is employed as a working reaction system in which only C, not A or B, is adsorbed. By using dynamic simulation software gPROMS, the influences of bed length, cycle length, piston moving velocity, product delivery velocity and basal pressure on reaction and separation efficiency are investigated.
This process is concerned with solvent extraction of Ge from zinc sulfate solution with 7815 (hy-droxamic acid as) extractant, sulfonated kerosene as diluent, T reagent as additive and NaOH as re-extract ant. The feed liquid is the leachate of Yunnan Huize lead-zinc ore leached at high temperature by strong sulphuric acid and ferric solution. The temperature is about 70～80℃ . The concentration of sulphuric acid and ferric inos are 90 g/L and 10〜15 g/L respectively. Selection of extraction system, metal exaction balance, process parameters, process design and the overall process experiment have been investigated. The Ge extraction is higher than 96% , are re-extraction is higher than 97% , Ge conlent in the germanium concentrate, which is ohtained by nentralization is higher than 30% .
the calculation of contacted points´ principal curvature is the key to determine contacted area. Traditionally, the method of determining principal curvature is to make use of the theory of mesh and coordinate transform. However, this method is complex. In this paper, based on the feature of curve surface, moving frame and co-differential are employed to give a sententious, effective algorithm of principal curvature. Then, according to the formulation of contacted area, an application example is given. This algorithm can be used for calculation of principal curvature in all kinds of curve surfaces.
In this paper, a hierarchical model of the optical transport network (OTN) with an optical supervisory channel (OSC) subsystem is discussed, and that the reliability of operation, administration and management (OAM) signals is rested with the quality of signals transported in OSC is indicated by analyzing the charac-teristics of signals in OSC. Basing on the one-to-one correspondence of Q-factor with bit-error-ratio (BER) in data communication systems, an on-line supervisory scheme for Q-factor of signals in OSC is presented, and the supervisory module by a digital signal processor (DSP) approach is designed to implement on-line supervision for Q-factor.
The famous project, gas transmitting from west to east, will set off. Its main characters are great investment, long distance, large pipe diameter, short time limit, excellent quality, various geological conditions and many construction enterprises participated. Setting of welding procedure and making choice of welding equipment involve a lot of techniques. They will have important influence on the economic benefit of construction enterprise, construction period and construction quality. Much attention should be paid to them.
This essay discusses the form and management of incubating organization, and also mentions its development.
This article introduces the technology development of capacitor grade tantalum powders including high voltage tantalum powders, medium voltage tantalum powders and high specific capacitance tantalum powders. Many tantalum powder producers have invented new processes and technology to increase specific capacitance, reducing impurity content and improve the physical properties of tantalum powder so as to meet the requirement of capacitor manufacturing.
How to reuse plastics wastes is one of the most important studies concerning bringing environment pollution under control. For polyethylene (PE) wastes making up a great part of the whole plastics wastes, people show an increasingly interest in how to reclaim and reuse PE wastes. In this article, the theoretical and economical feasibility is firstly discussed, then the property and market situation of polyethylene wax,several waxmaking technologies and deoiling from waxes using infrared ray are introduced and analyzed. Finally, some sug-gestions on developing directions are made for further investigations.
This Issue
Dec 2001, Volume 3 Issue 12