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元素亲和性 1

元素周期表 1

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Predicting the elemental compositions of solid waste using ATR-FTIR and machine learning

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1721-1

摘要：

● A method based on ATR-FTIR and ML was developed to predict CHNS contents in waste.

关键词： Elemental composition Infrared spectroscopy Machine learning Moisture interference Solid waste Spectral noise

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Removal of elemental mercury by KI-impregnated clay

Boxiong SHEN,Jianhong CHEN,Ji CAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 236-243 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0765-7

摘要： This study described the use of clay impregnated by KI in gas phase elemental mercury (Hg ) removal in flue gas. The effects of KI loading, temperature, O , SO and H O on Hg removal were investigated using a fixed bed reactor. The Hg removal efficiency of KI-clay with 3% KI loading could maintain at a high level (approximately 80 %) after 3 h. The KI-clay demonstrated to be a potential adsorbent for Hg removal when compared with activated carbon based adsorbent. O was found to be an important factor in improving the Hg removal. O was demonstrated to assist the transfer of KI to I on the surface of KI-clay, which could react with Hg directly. NO and SO could slightly improve Hg removal, while H O inhibited it greatly. The results indicated that after adsorption, most of the mercury escaped from the surface again. Some of the mercury may have been oxidized as it left the surface. The results demonstrated that the chemical reaction primarily occurred between KI and mercury on the surface of the KI-clay.

关键词： clay elemental mercury removal efficiency potassium iodide mechanism

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Removal of elemental mercury with Mn/Mo/Ru/Al

Yongfu GUO, Naiqiang YAN, Ping LIU, Shijian YANG, Juan WANG, Zan QU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 464-473 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0430-y

摘要： In this work, a catalytic membrane using Mn/Mo/Ru/Al O as the catalyst was employed to remove elemental mercury (Hg ) from flue gas at low temperature. Compared with traditional catalytic oxidation (TCO) mode, Mn/Al O membrane catalytic system had much higher removal efficiency of Hg . After the incorporation of Mo and Ru, the production of Cl from the Deacon reaction and the retainability for oxidants over Mn/Al O membrane were greatly enhanced. As a result, the oxidization of Hg over Mn/Al O membrane was obviously promoted due to incorporation of Mo and Ru. In the presence of 8 ppmv HCl, the removal efficiency of Hg by Mn/Mo/Ru/Al O membrane reached 95% at 423 K. The influence of NO and SO on Hg removal were insignificant even if 200 ppmv NO and 1000 ppmv SO were used. Moreover, compared with the TCO mode, the Mn/Mo/Ru/Al O membrane catalytic system could remarkably reduce the demanded amount of oxidants for Hg removal. Therefore, the Mn/Mo/Ru/Al O membrane catalytic system may be a promising technology for the control of Hg emission.

关键词： flue gas elemental mercury membrane catalysis transition metal

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Rapid alloying of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy from elemental feedstock toward high-throughput synthesis

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0727-x

摘要： High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are considered alternatives to traditional structural materials because of their superior mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. However, alloy composition combinations are too numerous to explore. Finding a rapid synthesis method to accelerate the development of HEA bulks is imperative. Existing in situ synthesis methods based on additive manufacturing are insufficient for efficiently controlling the uniformity and accuracy of components. In this work, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is adopted for the in situ synthesis of equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi HEA from elemental powder mixtures. High composition accuracy is achieved in parallel with ensuring internal density. The L-PBF-based process parameters are optimized; and two different methods, namely, a multi-melting process and homogenization heat treatment, are adopted to address the problem of incompletely melted Cr particles in the single-melted samples. X-ray diffraction indicates that HEA microstructure can be obtained from elemental powders via L-PBF. In the triple-melted samples, a strong crystallographic texture can be observed through electron backscatter diffraction, with a maximum polar density of 9.92 and a high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of (735.3 ± 14.1) MPa. The homogenization heat-treated samples appear more like coarse equiaxed grains, with a UTS of (650.8 ± 16.1) MPa and an elongation of (40.2% ± 1.3%). Cellular substructures are also observed in the triple-melted samples, but not in the homogenization heat-treated samples. The differences in mechanical properties primarily originate from the changes in strengthening mechanism. The even and flat fractographic morphologies of the homogenization heat-treated samples represent a more uniform internal microstructure that is different from the complex morphologies of the triple-melted samples. Relative to the multi-melted samples, the homogenization heat-treated samples exhibit better processability, with a smaller composition deviation, i.e., ≤ 0.32 at.%. The two methods presented in this study are expected to have considerable potential for developing HEAs with high composition accuracy and composition flexibility.

关键词： laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) in situ alloying high-entropy alloys heat treatment rapid synthesis

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Mercury enrichment in

Chunhao Dai, Pufeng Qin, Zhangwei Wang, Jian Chen, Xianshan Zhang, Si Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0892-z

摘要： Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated. Elevated soil mercury content had significant impact on mercury accumulation in rape stems, roots, seeds and seed coats. Leaf mercury in the leaves was mostly affected by atmospheric input while the stems were mostly affected by soil concentrations. Mercury in the aboveground plant tissue mainly derived from atmospheric absorption, and atmospheric mercury absorption in leaves was higher than that in the stems. Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated using an open top chamber fumigation experiment and a soil mercury enriched cultivation experiment. Results indicate that the mercury concentration in leaves and stems showed a significant variation under different concentrations of mercury in atmospheric and soil experiments while the concentration of mercury in roots, seeds and seed coats showed no significant variation under different atmospheric mercury concentrations. Using the function relation established by the experiment, results for atmospheric mercury sources in rape field biomass showed that atmospheric sources accounted for at least 81.81% of mercury in rape leaves and 32.29% of mercury in the stems. Therefore, mercury in the aboveground biomass predominantly derives from the absorption of atmospheric mercury.

关键词： Open top chamber Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) Soil Mercury Brassica napus

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New insights into mercury removal mechanism on CeO

Ling Li, Yu He, Xia Lu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1007-1

摘要： First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism of Hg adsorption and oxidation on CeO (111). Surface oxygen activated by the reduction of Ce to Ce was vital to Hg adsorption and oxidation processes. Hg was fully oxidized by the surface lattice oxygen on CeO (111), without using any other oxidizing agents. HCl could dissociate and react with the Hg adatom on CeO (111) to form adsorbed Hg–Cl or Cl–Hg–Cl groups, which promoted the desorption of oxidized Hg and prevented CeO catalyst deactivation. In contrast, O–H and H–O–H groups formed during HCl adsorption consumed the active surface oxygen and prohibited Hg oxidation. The consumed surface oxygen was replenished by adding O into the flue gas. We proposed that oxidized Hg desorption and maintenance of sufficient active surface oxygen were the rate-determining steps of Hg removal on CeO -based catalysts. We believe that our thorough understanding and new insights into the mechanism of the Hg removal process will help provide guidelines for developing novel CeO -based catalysts and enhance the Hg removal efficiency.

关键词： Elemental mercury removal Surface adsorption Ceria First-principles calculations

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Synthesis and thermosensitive behavior of dextran graft copolymers containing poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) side chains

SHI Huangying, CHEN Wenjuan, ZHANG Liming

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 72-75 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0015-7

摘要： New graft copolymers were synthesized by grafting N-vinylcaprolactam onto dextran. Their composition and structure were investigated by elemental analyses, infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. By optical transmittance measurements, it was found that the aqueous solutions of these graft copolymers showed a temperature-dependent transmittance change due to the introduction of thermosensitive poly (-vinylcaprolactam) graft chains. Moreover, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the graft copolymer in aqueous solution was dependent on its grafting extent and concentration. The LCST value was found to increase with the increase of the grafting extent and decrease with the increase of the copolymer concentration. With these stimuli-response properties, such polysaccharide derivative may hold potential applications in biomedicine and biotechnology.

关键词： transmittance copolymer concentration LCST temperature elemental

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Characterization of humic substances in bio-treated municipal solid waste landfill leachate

Guangxia QI, Dongbei YUE, Yongfeng NIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 711-716 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0421-z

摘要： Considerable organic matter remains in municipal solid waste landfill leachate after biological treatments. Humic substances (HSs) dominate the organic matter in bio-treated landfill leachate. In this study, the HSs from landfill leachate treated by membrane bioreactor (MBR-HSs) were analyzed via elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and charge polarized magic-angle spinning- C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The characteristic absorption in the UV wavelength range indicated the presence of high C=C and C=O double bonds within the MBR-HSs. Compared with commercial HSs, MBR-HSs had lower carbon content [48.14% for fulvic acids (FA) and 49.52% for humic acids (HA)], higher nitrogen content (4.31% for FA and 6.16% for HA), lower aromatic structure content, and higher carbohydrate and carboxylic atoms of carbon content. FA predominantly had an aliphatic structure, and HA had less condensed or substituted aromatic ring structures than natural HA. The aromatic carbon content of MBR-HSs was lower than that of humus-derived HSs but higher than that of waste-derived HSs, indicating that MBR-HSs appeared to be more similar to humus-derived HSs than waste-derived HA.

关键词： bio-treated landfill leachate humic substances elemental analysis spectroscopic characteristics

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Effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst on gaseous pollutants and fine particles from an engine operating on diesel and biodiesel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Weiwei SONG, Xingtong WANG, Jihua TAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 463-469 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0317-3

摘要： The effects of a diesel oxidation catalytic (DOC) converter on diesel engine emissions were investigated on a diesel bench at various loads for two steady-state speeds using diesel fuel and B20. The DOC was very effective in hydrocarbon (HC) and CO oxidation. Approximately 90%–95% reduction in CO and 36%–70% reduction in HC were realized using the DOC. Special attention was focused on the effects of the DOC on elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) fractions in fine particles (PM ) emitted from the diesel engine. The carbonaceous compositions of PM were analyzed by the method of thermal/optical reflectance (TOR). The results showed that total carbon (TC), OC and EC emissions for PM from diesel fuel were generally reduced by the DOC. For diesel fuel, TC emissions decreased 22%–32% after the DOC depending on operating modes. The decrease in TC was attributed to 35%–97% decrease in OC and 3%–65% decrease in EC emissions. At low load, a significant increase in the OC/EC ratio of PM was observed after the DOC. The effect of the DOC on the carbonaceous compositions in PM from B20 showed different trends compared to diesel fuel. At low load, a slight increase in EC emissions and a significant decrease in OC/EC ratio of PM after DOC were observed for B20.

关键词： diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) diesel particulate matters elemental carbon (EC) organic carbon (OC) biodiesel

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高铁闪锌矿精矿加压浸出半工业试验研究

王吉坤,周廷熙,吴锦梅

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第1期页码 60-64

摘要：

高铁闪锌矿经二段加压浸出，锌浸出率97.09%，铁浸出率15.2%，元素硫产率93%，浸出液残酸3.95g/L，经简单中和、净化，生产合格硫酸锌新液供应锌电积。为了研究比较，闪锌矿经一段加压浸出，锌的浸出率98.09%，铁浸出率37.88%，元素硫产率96%，浸出液残酸高（46.4g/L），可并入现有传统湿法炼锌工艺流程处理。

关键词：高铁闪锌矿加压浸出半工业试验元素硫

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从学科交叉角度看地学周期表——地球化学与冶金学的相似性与联系 Perspective

孙丰龙, 赵中伟

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第6期页码 707-715 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.002

摘要：

2003年，Railsback概括了地球自然环境中大量的元素地质学信息，提出了“地学元素和离子周期表”。作为一门应用科学，冶金学与地球化学一样也关注矿物组成和元素行为。本文基于地球化学规律和诸多冶金学实例，梳理了地质学与冶金学之间的相似性和联系。例如，高离子势和低离子势的简单阳离子大多通过湿法冶金提取，而中等离子势的简单阳离子大多通过火法冶金提取。再如，地质学中的元素亲和性与冶金过程中元素的迁移行为紧密相关。具体来说，在火法冶金中，亲石元素倾向于聚集在熔渣中、亲铜/硫元素倾向于进入锍相、亲铁元素容易进入金属熔体、亲气元素倾向于进入气相。此外，在湿法冶金中，可以利用软硬酸碱原理（HSAB）来解释不同溶液中的沉淀与溶解过程，尤其是氟化物与氯化物的行为。本文提供了多个与地球化学原理相关的冶金学案例，论证了冶金学与地球化学之间的相似性和联系。

关键词：冶金学地球化学元素周期表离子势元素亲和性