Resource Type

Journal Article 8

Year

2020 1

2019 2

2018 2

2016 1

2012 1

Keywords

Haemophilus parasuis 1

Antimicrobial resistance 1

Antimicrobial resistance gene 1

CD47 1

Complex networks 1

Information flows 1

LAMP 1

LOAC 1

Large hierarchical networks 1

NASBA 1

PCR 1

PD-1 1

PD-L1 1

Reverse edges 1

Synchronizability 1

TAM 1

Vietnam 1

biomass pyrolysis 1

columns 1

compartment modelling 1

open ︾

Search scope:

排序： Display mode:

Polymeric micelle nanocarriers in cancer research

Dae Hwan Shin, Yu Tong Tam, Glen S. Kwon

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 348-359 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1582-2

Abstract: Amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) assemble into a spherical nanoscopic supramolecular core/shell nanostructure termed a polymeric micelle that has been widely researched as an injectable nanocarrier for poorly water-soluble anticancer agents. The aim of this review article is to update progress in the field of drug delivery towards clinical trials, highlighting advances in polymeric micelles used for drug solubilization, reduced off-target toxicity and tumor targeting by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Polymeric micelles vary in stability in blood and drug release rate, and accordingly play different but key roles in drug delivery. For intravenous (IV) infusion, polymeric micelles that disassemble in blood and rapidly release poorly water-soluble anticancer agent such as paclitaxel have been used for drug solubilization, safety and the distinct possibility of toxicity reduction relative to existing solubilizing agents, e.g., Cremophor EL. Stable polymeric micelles are long-circulating in blood and reduce distribution to non-target tissue, lowering off-target toxicity. Further, they participate in the EPR effect in murine tumor models. In summary, polymeric micelles act as injectable nanocarriers for poorly water-soluble anticancer agents, achieving reduced toxicity and targeting tumors by the EPR effect.

Keywords： nanomedicine     parenteral     poly(ethylene glycol)     poly(lactic acid)     reformulation    

HTML PDF Collect

Kinetic-compartmental modelling of potassium-containing cellulose feedstock gasification

Attila Egedy, Lívia Gyurik, Tamás Varga, Jun Zou, Norbert Miskolczi, Haiping Yang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 708-717 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1767-y

Abstract:

Biomass is of growing interest as a secondary energy source and can be converted to fuels with higher energy density especially by pyrolysis or gasification. Understanding the mechanism and the kinetics of biomass pyrolysis (thermal decomposition) and gasification (conversion of organic material to gases) could be the key to the design of industrial devices capable of processing vast amounts of biomass feedstock. In our work real product components obtained in pyrolysis were took into consideration as well as char and oil as lumped components, and the kinetic constants for a biomass model compound (cellulose) pyrolysis and gasification were identified based on a proposed simplified reaction mechanism within a compartment model structure. A laboratory scale reactor was used for the physical experiments containing consecutive fast pyrolysis and gasification stages using alkali metal (K) containing feedstock, which has a significant effect on the cellulose pyrolysis and gasification. The detailed model was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the unknown kinetic parameters were identified based on experimental data. The model was validated based on measurement data, and a good agreement was found. Based on the validated first principle model the optimal parameters were determined as 0.15 mL/min steam flow rate, and 4% K content.

Keywords： biomass pyrolysis     kinetic parameter identification     compartment modelling     optimisation    

HTML PDF Collect

The Immense Impact of Reverse Edges on Large Hierarchical Networks

Haosen Cao,Bin-Bin Hu,Xiaoyu Mo,Duxin Chen,Jianxi Gao,Ye Yuan,Guanrong Chen,Tamás Vicsek,Xiaohong Guan

Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.011

Abstract: Hierarchical networks are frequently encountered in animal groups, gene networks, and artificial engineering systems such as multiple robots, unmanned vehicle systems, smart grids, wind farm networks, and so forth. The structure of a large directed hierarchical network is often strongly influenced by reverse edges from lower- to higher- level nodes, such as lagging birds’ howl in a flock or the opinions of lower-level individuals feeding back to higher-level ones in a social group. This study reveals that, for most large-scale real hierarchical networks, the majority of the reverse edges do not affect the synchronization process of the entire network; the synchronization process is influenced only by a small part of these reverse edges along specific paths. More surprisingly, a single effective reverse edge can slow down the synchronization of a huge hierarchical network by over 60%. The effect of such edges depends not on the network size but only on the average in-degree of the involved subnetwork. The overwhelming majority of active reverse edges turn out to have some kind of “bunching” effect on the information flows of hierarchical networks, which slows down synchronization processes. This finding refines the current understanding of the role of reverse edges in many natural, social, and engineering hierarchical networks, which might be beneficial for precisely tuning the synchronization rhythms of these networks. Our study also proposes an effective way to attack a hierarchical network by adding a malicious reverse edge to it and provides some guidance for protecting a network by screening out the specific small proportion of vulnerable nodes.

Keywords： Synchronizability     Large hierarchical networks     Reverse edges     Information flows     Complex networks    

HTML PDF Collect

Behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular columns under eccentric loadings

TAM, Jianzhuang XIAO, Sheng LIU, Zixuan CHEN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 628-639 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0501-7

Abstract: The paper investigates the behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular (RACFST) columns under eccentric loadings with the incorporation of expansive agents. A total of 16 RACFST columns were tested in this study. The main parameters varied in this study are recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentages (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%), expansive agent dosages (0%, 8%, and 15%) and an eccentric distance of compressive load from the center of the column (0 and 40 mm). Experimental results showed that the ultimate stresses of RACFST columns decreased with increasing recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentages but appropriate expansive agent dosages can reduce the decrement; the incorporation of expansive agent decreased the ultimate stresses of RACFST columns but an appropriate dosage can increase the deformation ability. The recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentages have limited influence on the ultimate stresses of the RACFST columns and has more effect than that of the normal aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular columns.

Keywords： concrete filled steel tubes     recycled aggregate concrete     columns     expansive agent     eccentric load    

HTML PDF Collect

Effect of fly ash and slag on concrete: Properties and emission analyses

TAM, Khoa N. LE, Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA, Anthony BUTERA, Cuong N. N. TRAN, Ashraf TEARA

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2019, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 395-405 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0019-2

Abstract: Recycled concrete is a material with the potential to create a sustainable construction industry. However, recycled concrete presents heterogeneous properties, thereby reducing its applications for some structural purposes and enhancing its application in pavements. This paper provides an insight into a solution in the deformation control for recycled concrete by adding supplementary cementitious materials fly ash and blast furnace slag. Results of this study indicated that the 50% fly ash replacement of Portland cement increased the rupture modulus of the recycled concrete. Conversely, a mixture with over 50% cement replacement by either fly ash or slag or a combination of both exhibited detrimental effect on the compressive strength, rupture modulus, and drying shrinkage. The combined analysis of environmental impacts and mechanical properties of recycled concrete demonstrated the possibility of optimizing the selection of recycled concrete because the best scenario in this study was obtained with the concrete mixture M8 (50% of fly ash+ 100% recycled coarse aggregate).

Keywords： recycled aggregate     recycled concrete     fly ash and slag    

HTML PDF Collect

Activation of phagocytosis by immune checkpoint blockade

Chia-Wei Li, Yun-Ju Lai, Jennifer L. Hsu, Mien-Chie Hung

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 473-480 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0657-5

Abstract:

Inhibition of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis has emerged as an essential mechanism for tumor immune evasion. One mechanism inhibiting the innate response is the presence of the macrophage inhibitory molecule, signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα), on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and its cognate ligand cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of a recently discovered programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) in TAMs, we discuss the potential inhibitory receptors that possess new functions beyond T cell exhaustion in this review. As more and more immune receptors are found to be expressed on TAMs, the corresponding therapies may also stimulate macrophages for phagocytosis and thereby provide extra anti-tumor benefits in cancer therapy. Therefore, identification of biomarkers and combinatorial therapeutic strategies, have the potential to improve the efficacy and safety profiles of current immunotherapies.

Keywords： CD47     PD-1     PD-L1     immunotherapy     TAM     phagocytosis     macrophage    

HTML PDF Collect

Association between the Phenotypes and Genotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus parasuis Isolates from Swine in Quang Binh and Thua Thien Hue Provinces, Vietnam Article

Chao Nguyen Van, Lijun Zhang, Tam Vu Thi Thanh, Hung Pham Hoang Son, Tuan Tran Ngoc, Qi Huang, Rui Zhou

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 40-48 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.014

Abstract:

Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is one of the bacterial pathogens of great concern as it causes huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. One of the reasons why the control of H. parasuis has failed is the increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Vietnam, a country has the second-largest pig production in Asia. However, there is still a lack of data about the AMR prevalence of H. parasuis in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of AMR and analyze the association between AMR and AMR genes (ARGs). The H. parasuis strains used in this research were isolated from swine in the Quang Binh and Thua Thien Hue Provinces, Central Vietnam, as reported in our previous study. All of the strains were tested for AMR against 25 antibacterial agents using the broth microdilution method and for the presence of ARGs using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The tested strains were shown to have a high frequency of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (94.6%), followed by resistance to colistin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, lincomycin, and amoxicillin. The most prevalent ARGs in these strains were blaTEM-1 (94.6%), int (76.8%), gyrA (58.9%), and rmtD (50.0%). Cefuroxime, chloramphenicol and tobramycin resistances were strongly correlated with the presence of the ARGs blarob-1 (odds ratio (OR) = 26.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–255.7, p = 0.002), catl (OR = 25.1, 95% CI 2.4–258.9, p = 0.004), and strB (OR = 23.5, 95% CI 2.6–212.6, p = 0.001),
respectively. This study reveals for the first time the current situation of H. parasuis AMR in Central Vietnam, which is helpful for the clinical control of this disease, as well as for the development of policies and clinical practice guidelines to reduce AMR in swine production in Central Vietnam.

Keywords： Haemophilus parasuis     Antimicrobial resistance     Antimicrobial resistance gene     Vietnam    

HTML PDF Collect

Nucleic acid-based diagnostics for infectious diseases in public health affairs

Tam, Parker Y.L. Tsang, April K.Y. Wong, Michael H.K. Hui, Bin Yang, Hao Tang, Lok-Ting Lau

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 173-186 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0195-5

Abstract:

Infectious diseases, mostly caused by bacteria and viruses but also a result of fungal and parasitic infection, have been one of the most important public health concerns throughout human history. The first step in combating these pathogens is to get a timely and accurate diagnosis at an affordable cost. Many kinds of diagnostics have been developed, such as pathogen culture, biochemical tests and serological tests, to help detect and fight against the causative agents of diseases. However, these diagnostic tests are generally unsatisfactory because they are not particularly sensitive and specific and are unable to deliver speedy results. Nucleic acid-based diagnostics, detecting pathogens through the identification of their genomic sequences, have shown promise to overcome the above limitations and become more widely adopted in clinical tests. Here we review some of the most popular nucleic acid-based diagnostics and focus on their adaptability and applicability to routine clinical usage. We also compare and contrast the characteristics of different types of nucleic acid-based diagnostics.

Keywords： nucleic acid-based diagnostics     infectious disease     PCR     NASBA     LAMP     microarray     LOAC     public health affairs    

HTML PDF Collect

Title Author Date Type Operation

Polymeric micelle nanocarriers in cancer research

Dae Hwan Shin, Yu Tong Tam, Glen S. Kwon

Journal Article

Kinetic-compartmental modelling of potassium-containing cellulose feedstock gasification

Attila Egedy, Lívia Gyurik, Tamás Varga, Jun Zou, Norbert Miskolczi, Haiping Yang

Journal Article

The Immense Impact of Reverse Edges on Large Hierarchical Networks

Haosen Cao,Bin-Bin Hu,Xiaoyu Mo,Duxin Chen,Jianxi Gao,Ye Yuan,Guanrong Chen,Tamás Vicsek,Xiaohong Guan

Journal Article

Behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular columns under eccentric loadings

TAM, Jianzhuang XIAO, Sheng LIU, Zixuan CHEN

Journal Article

Effect of fly ash and slag on concrete: Properties and emission analyses

TAM, Khoa N. LE, Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA, Anthony BUTERA, Cuong N. N. TRAN, Ashraf TEARA

Journal Article

Activation of phagocytosis by immune checkpoint blockade

Chia-Wei Li, Yun-Ju Lai, Jennifer L. Hsu, Mien-Chie Hung

Journal Article

Association between the Phenotypes and Genotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus parasuis Isolates from Swine in Quang Binh and Thua Thien Hue Provinces, Vietnam

Chao Nguyen Van, Lijun Zhang, Tam Vu Thi Thanh, Hung Pham Hoang Son, Tuan Tran Ngoc, Qi Huang, Rui Zhou

Journal Article

Nucleic acid-based diagnostics for infectious diseases in public health affairs

Tam, Parker Y.L. Tsang, April K.Y. Wong, Michael H.K. Hui, Bin Yang, Hao Tang, Lok-Ting Lau

Journal Article