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Zoning of Agricultural Resource and Environment in China
Erqi Xu
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 57-62 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.009
Problems in China’s agricultural resources and environment have become increasingly prominent, with distinct resource and environment constraints for regional agricultures. Based on regional differentiation in agricultural resource and environment characteristics, this paper divided the country into 10 first-level zones and 57 second-level zones at the county scale. The first-level zones were divided according to regional differentiation in climate and geotectonic. And the second-level zones differentiate in water resources, land resources, and environmental conditions. It analyzed the agricultural production conditions, types of resources and their different combinations, environmental production conditions, and existing problems in these zones. This study proposed the strategies of “optimizing the spatial layout of eastern, central, and western regions” and “improving Northeast China, regulating North China, and recovering South China”. Twenty-seven second-level zones, undertaking the supply of major agricultural products in China, were identified and labeled as “major agricultural developing regions in China”. The development direction and construction measures of the major agricultural developing regions in China were suggested to maintain and improve the health and sustainability of China’s agricultural production system.
Keywords： 一级区依据气候条件和大地构造的地域分异，二级区根据水资源、土地资源和环境条件问题差异。分析了全国各分区农业生产条件、资源类型及其组合的特点、环境生产条件和存在问题，提出 中国农业资源环境问题日益突出，区域农业资源限制因素和环境制约问题各不相同。依据农业资源环境地域分异，以县域为制图单元，本文将全国划分为10 提高东北，整治华北，恢复南方 战略，并划分了27 个承担主要农产品供给保障功能的 ，指明其建设方向措施，以维护和改善我国农业生产系统的健康和可持续性
A Consideration of Agriculture and Agricultural Science
Liu Gengling
Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 26-29
This article explores the importance of agriculture in line with development of society. It uses examples of high productivity achieved in grain and cotton crops in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang areas to show that the fundamental objective of agricultural science is to maximize crops through the most effective use of soil, fertilizer and water in gaining the greatest benefit from power of the sun. Agricultural science should take up relevant theories and methodologies from other sciences, such as biological science, earth science and economics. The use of information technology will have great benefits for agricultural science. It hopes the scientific communities of China can make a significant contribution to solving the problems facing our rural areas, farmers and agriculture itself.
Keywords： agriculture agricultural sciences
Sustainable Management and Action in China under the Increasing Risks of Global Climate Change
Yihui Ding
Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 301-305 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.014
Nuclear Energy—the Strategic Role and Sustainability in China
Pan Ziqiang,Shen Wenquan
Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 33-38
By analyzing the challenges of China´s energy supply, an excellent perspective of nuclear power development in china has been described. Taking into account the mid-long term development requirements, a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable nuclear power strategic consideration and proposal is put forward. National nuclear industry can not only catch up with the world advanced level in proper time, but also possess the enough stamina of sustainability.
Keywords： nuclear energy strategic role sustainability
Developing from Mechanized to Smart Agricultural Production in China
Luo Xiwen, Liao Juan, Zang Ying, Ou Yinggang, Wang Pei
Strategic Study of CAE 2022, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 46-54 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.005
The mode transformation of agricultural production is a common concern for China and worldwide. Currently, the level of mechanization has been significantly promoted for the agriculture sector in China and smart production becomes an inevitable trend for modern agriculture. Smart agriculture regards data, knowledge, and intelligent equipment as the core elements and integrates modern science and technology with agriculture to realize digital perception, intelligent decision-making, precise operation, and smart management in the entire process of agricultural production, thereby greatly improving labor productivity, resource utilization rate, and land output rate. This article presents the current status of agricultural production in China using rice production as an example, and analyzes the necessity, opportunities, challenges, directions, and route for the intelligent transformation of China’s agriculture. Furthermore, we propose policy suggestions to promote the intelligent development of China’s agricultural production, including (1) strengthening the research and innovation system for agricultural machinery, (2) improving the agricultural machinery promotion system, (3) optimizing the socialized service system for agricultural machinery, and (4) accelerating the construction of smart agriculture demonstration zones.
Keywords： agricultural production rice production agricultural mechanization information technology intelligent agricultural machinery smart agricultural production
A Project-Based Sustainability Rating Tool for Pavement Maintenance Article
Yibo Zhang, J.P. Mohsen
Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 200-208 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.001
Pavements require maintenance to prevent undue distress or to restore performance; however, pavement maintenance and its impacts do not receive enough attention in many cases, and are either ignored or treated as a low priority. Most current maintenance activities have budget issues and only focus on removing deteriorated pavement sections. Deferred pavement maintenance has impacts on the environment and on society, and may thus affect the costs associated with maintenance. A sustainability rating tool is a good way to list, explain, and evaluate such impacts. Various sustainability rating tools have been developed for pavement; however, pavement maintenance has its own features that are different from those of the new construction, expansion, or reconstruction of pavements. This research project reviews nine sustainability rating tools for pavement, although none of these tools fully describe maintenance features or can be directly applied to evaluate maintenance projects. A new sustainability rating tool is then developed for pavement maintenance; this new tool can be used to evaluate individual projects and raise public awareness about the importance of pavement maintenance. Its details are described, and its use is demonstrated through an example to show the evaluation process and results.
Keywords： Sustainability Pavement maintenance PSIM Rating tool Analytic hierarchy process
Xiong Xu, Zhen Leng, Jingting Lan, Wei Wang, Jiangmiao Yu, Yawei Bai, Anand Sreeram, Jing Hu
Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages 857-867 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.020
Waste plastics, such as waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottles and waste rubber tyres are major municipal solid wastes, which may lead to various environmental problems if they are not appropriately recycled. In this study, the feasibility of collectively recycling the two types of waste into performance-increasing modifiers for asphalt pavements was analyzed. This study aimed to investigate the recycling mechanisms of waste PET-derived additives under the treatment of two amines, triethylenetetramine (TETA) and ethanolamine (EA), and characterize the performances of these additives in modifying rubberized bitumen, a bitumen modified by waste tyre rubber. To this end, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses were carried out on the two PET-derived additives (PET–TETA and PET– EA). In addition, infrared spectroscopy, viscosity, dynamic shear rheology, and multiple stress creep recovery tests were performed on the rubberized bitumen samples modified by the two PET-derived additives. We concluded that waste PET can be chemically upcycled into functional additives, which can increase the overall performance of the rubberized bitumen. The recycling method developed in this study not only helps alleviate the landfilling problems of both waste PET plastic and scrap tyres, but also turns these wastes into value-added new materials for building durable pavements.
Keywords： Waste polyethylene terephthalate Waste tyre rubber Rubberized bitumen Recycling mechanism Sustainability
Safety Aspects of Sustainable Storage Dams and Earthquake Safety of Existing Dams
Martin Wieland
Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 325-331 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.011
The basic element in any sustainable dam project is safety, which includes the following safety elements: ① structural safety, ② dam safety monitoring, ③ operational safety and maintenance, and ④ emergency planning. Long-term safety primarily includes the analysis of all hazards affecting the project; that is, hazards from the natural environment, hazards from the man-made environment, and project-specific and site-specific hazards. The special features of the seismic safety of dams are discussed. Large dams were the first structures to be systematically designed against earthquakes, starting in the 1930s. However, the seismic safety of older dams is unknown, as most were designed using seismic design criteria and methods of dynamic analysis that are considered obsolete today. Therefore, we need to reevaluate the seismic safety of existing dams based on current state-of-the-art practices and rehabilitate deficient dams. For large dams, a site-specific seismic hazard analysis is usually recommended. Today, large dams and the safety-relevant elements used for controlling the reservoir after a strong earthquake must be able to withstand the ground motions of a safety evaluation earthquake. The ground motion parameters can be determined either by a probabilistic or a deterministic seismic hazard analysis. During strong earthquakes, inelastic deformations may occur in a dam; therefore, the seismic analysis has to be carried out in the time domain. Furthermore, earthquakes create multiple seismic hazards for dams such as ground shaking, fault movements, mass movements, and others. The ground motions needed by the dam engineer are not real earthquake ground motions but models of the ground motion, which allow the safe design of dams. It must also be kept in mind that dam safety evaluations must be carried out several times during the long life of large storage dams. These features are discussed in this paper.
Keywords： Dams Earthquake design Earthquake safety Existing dams Design criteria Seismic hazard Sustainability Service life
Joris Smits
Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 518-527 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.004
This paper reviews the use of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) in architectural and structural bridge design in the Netherlands. The challenges and opportunities of this relatively new material, both for the architect and the engineer, are discussed. An inventory of recent structural solutions in FRP is included, followed by a discussion on architectural FRP applications derived from the architectural practice of the author and of other pioneers.
Keywords： Architecture Structural design Bridge design Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) Bio-composites Flexible molding systems Monocoque structures
Qiong Zhang, Christine Prouty, Julie B. Zimmerman, James R. Mihelcic
Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 481-489 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.010
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines 17 individual Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that guide the needs of practice for many professional disciplines around the world, including engineering, research, policy, and development. The SDGs represent commitments to reduce poverty, hunger, ill health, gender inequality, environmental degradation, and lack of access to clean water and sanitation. If a typical reductionist approach is employed to address and optimize individual goals, it may lead to a failure in technological, policy, or managerial development interventions through unintended consequences in other goals. This study uses a systems approach to understand the fundamental dynamics between the SDGs in order to identify potential synergies and antagonisms. A conceptual system model was constructed to illustrate the causal relationships between SDGs, examine system structures using generic system archetypes, and identify leverage points to effectively influence intentional and minimize unintentional changes in the system. The structure of interactions among the SDGs reflects three archetypes of system behavior: Reinforcing Growth, Limits to Growth, and Growth and Underinvestment. The leverage points identified from the conceptual model are gender equality, sustainable management of water and sanitation, alternative resources, sustainable livelihood standards, and global partnerships. Such a conceptual system analysis of SDGs can enhance the likelihood that the development community will broaden its understanding of the potential synergistic benefits of their projects on resource management, environmental sustainability, and climate change. By linking the interactions and feedbacks of those projects with economic gains, women’s empowerment, and educational equality, stakeholders can recognize holistic improvements that can be made to the quality of life of many of the world’s poor.
Keywords： Systems thinking Sanitation Environmental protection Gender Resource recovery Causal loop diagram Sustainability
Marine Biotechnology and Sustainable Development of Marine Life Resources
Xu Xun
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 8, Pages 40-42
The ocean offers abundant resources to mankind in foods, pharmaceuticals and other bio-active substances, yet the potential in these areas remains largely unexplored. The article deals with the significance of the application of molecular biology to marine living resources for sustainable development and economic growth with particular attention to its current and prospective uses to mariculture, medicine, industry, etc.
Disease is a major obstacle to successful culturing of fish, shrimp and shellfish. As an example of applying the modern methods of gene engineering to marine culture, the work on white spot bacilliform virus (WSBV) -the major pathogen of shrimp disease-is briefly described. A unique method to isolate the WSBV virus was developed and subsequently the intact and highly purified WSBV genomic DNA was obtained. The entire genome sequence was determined with an accuracy of greater than 99.9%. WSBV is a double stranded circular DNA virus of 305 Kb in length： It is the largest animal virus so far sequenced. By bio-informatics, it is found that several ORFs proteins of WSBV are related to those of yeast, drosophila, herpes virus and other high vertebrates： The degree of homology discovered is significant but does not point to a close relationship between WSBV and other organisms. None of them are related to the proteins specified as baculovirus. Further more, The functional genomics of WSBV have to be investigated in order to understand the mechanism of viral infection and to develop strategies for effective treatment and prevention of shrimp disease.
The most exiting prospects of marine biotechnology are in its potential of discovering new pharmaceutics and other bio-active substances from deep sea. This can be accomplished by cloning these genes from deep sea organisms that control the production of active substances so that to produce the active substances on a large scale. These active substances may be very useful for medicine, industry, environmental protection and military.
Keywords： marine biotechnology shrimp virus deep sea genetic resourse
U.S. green BIM application situation and its influence on Chinese construction field
Yang Yu,Yin Hang
Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages 103-112
In recent years, the green BIM(building information model) has caught the attention of the U.S. and other developed countries in the field of construction, and most of the projects that use Green BIM technology have already achieved good effect which combines sustainability with economy. Although there are still many problems in Green BIM practice, green BIM has become the inevitable trend of construction. Based on the application situation of green BIM in the U.S., this article analyzes its influence on construction field in China. In the author’s opinion, compared with green BIM in America, green BIM in China starts so late that there is a huge gap in technology between the two countries. In the process of development, China should fully absorb the practical experience of green BIM in America and combine the characteristics of construction field in China to form a proper green BIM operation process which accords with the situation of China. It is proposed that more attention should be paid to Green BIM application in different types of project and in the choice of building product material and renewable energy. Meanwhile, technical localization should be strengthened and government should invest more in it to promote the development of green building and achieve the goals of energy saving and emission reduction.
Keywords： BIM green BIM green building sustainability economy construction fiel
Strategic Path and Countermeasures for Developing Internet Plus Modern Agriculture
Li Jin,Ma Chen,Zhao Chunjiang,Feng Xian
Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 50-57 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.006
Internet Plus Modern Agriculture is the practice of Internet concepts, technologies, and methods in the field of agriculture. It is a new format and mode that integrates Internet with the modern agricultural industry against the background of the new generation of information technology revolution. Based on the analysis of the demand for modern agricultural development, this study puts forward the necessity of developing Internet Plus Modern Agriculture in China. It presents the connotation of Internet Plus Modern Agriculture and analyzes its new characteristics from several aspects, including digitalization of information perception, intelligence of agricultural machinery, precision in agricultural production, online management of post-production links, and personalization of agricultural technology services. It also analyzes the challenges from three levels: technology, industry, and application, and proposes the development ideas and strategic objectives for the next fifteen years. We believe that the current development focus of Internet Plus Modern Agriculture mainly includes three aspects: to make breakthroughs in the application theory, methods, and key technologies; to form an industrial cluster for Internet Plus Modern Agriculture; and to demonstrate the integrated application of Internet Plus into fields such as agricultural production, supply chain, and productive services. To this end, China should accelerate the Internet connectivity and information sharing in the rural areas, constructing a technical standards system for Internet Plus Modern Agriculture, and develop disciplines as well as cultivate professionals related to Internet Plus Modern Agriculture, thus to promote the transformation and upgrades of the modern agricultural industry in China.
Keywords： Internet Plus Modern Agriculture modern agricultural industry system agricultural product supply chain agriculturalproductive service industry
High-Performance and Multifunctional Cement-Based Composite Material Article
Victor C. Li
Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 250-260 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.031
Concrete is a continuously evolving material, and even the definition of high-performance concrete has changed over time. In this paper, high-performance characteristics of concrete material are considered to be those that support the desirable durability, resilience, and sustainability of civil infrastructure that directly impact our quality of life. It is proposed that high-performance material characteristics include tensile ductility, autogenous crack-width control, and material “greenness.” Furthermore, smart functionalities should be aimed at enhancing infrastructure durability, resilience, and sustainability by responding to changes in the surrounding environment of the structure in order to perform desirable functions, thus causing the material to behave in a manner more akin to certain biological materials. Based on recent advances in engineered cementitious composites (ECC), this paper suggests that concrete embodying such high-performance characteristics and smart multifunctionalities can be designed, and holds the potential to fulfill the expected civil infrastructure needs of the 21st century. Highlights of relevant properties of ECC are provided, and directions for necessary future research are indicated.
Keywords： High-performance concrete Multifunction Smart Cement-based composite Durability Resilience Sustainability Infrastructure
Marine Renewable Energy Seascape Review
Alistair G. L. Borthwick
Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 69-78 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.011
Energy production based on fossil fuel reserves is largely responsible for carbon emissions, and hence global warming. The planet needs concerted action to reduce fossil fuel usage and to implement carbon mitigation measures. Ocean energy has huge potential, but there are major interdisciplinary problems to be overcome regarding technology, cost reduction, investment, environmental impact, governance, and so forth. This article briefly reviews ocean energy production from offshore wind, tidal stream, ocean current, tidal range, wave, thermal, salinity gradients, and biomass sources. Future areas of research and development are outlined that could make exploitation of the marine renewable energy (MRE) seascape a viable proposition; these areas include energy storage, advanced materials, robotics, and informatics. The article concludes with a sustainability perspective on the MRE seascape encompassing ethics, legislation, the regulatory environment, governance and consenting, economic, social, and environmental constraints. A new generation of engineers is needed with the ingenuity and spirit of adventure to meet the global challenge posed by MRE.
Keywords： Marine renewable energy Offshore wind Tidal stream Ocean current Tidal range Wave energy Ocean thermal energy Bioenergy Sustainability
Title Author Date Type Operation
Sustainable Management and Action in China under the Increasing Risks of Global Climate Change
Yihui Ding
Journal Article
Nuclear Energy—the Strategic Role and Sustainability in China
Pan Ziqiang,Shen Wenquan
Journal Article
Developing from Mechanized to Smart Agricultural Production in China
Luo Xiwen, Liao Juan, Zang Ying, Ou Yinggang, Wang Pei
Journal Article
A Project-Based Sustainability Rating Tool for Pavement Maintenance
Yibo Zhang, J.P. Mohsen
Journal Article
Sustainable Practice in Pavement Engineering through Value-Added Collective Recycling of Waste Plastic and Waste Tyre Rubber
Xiong Xu, Zhen Leng, Jingting Lan, Wei Wang, Jiangmiao Yu, Yawei Bai, Anand Sreeram, Jing Hu
Journal Article
Safety Aspects of Sustainable Storage Dams and Earthquake Safety of Existing Dams
Martin Wieland
Journal Article
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bridge Design in the Netherlands: Architectural Challenges toward Innovative, Sustainable, and Durable Bridges
Joris Smits
Journal Article
More than Target 6.3: A Systems Approach to Rethinking Sustainable Development Goals in a Resource-Scarce World
Qiong Zhang, Christine Prouty, Julie B. Zimmerman, James R. Mihelcic
Journal Article
U.S. green BIM application situation and its influence on Chinese construction field
Yang Yu,Yin Hang
Journal Article
Strategic Path and Countermeasures for Developing Internet Plus Modern Agriculture
Li Jin,Ma Chen,Zhao Chunjiang,Feng Xian
Journal Article
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