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《工程(英文)》 >> 2019年 第5卷 第3期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.006

蛇绿岩型金刚石——探索深部碳循环的新窗口

a School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
b CARMA, Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of MLR, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing
100037, China

收稿日期: 2018-06-23 修回日期: 2019-01-12 录用日期: 2019-02-01 发布日期: 2019-06-14

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摘要

近些年来,在全球不同地区的一些蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现了微粒金刚石和其他异常矿物,包括呈斯石英假象的柯石英、碳化硅、青松矿、自然元素矿物、金属合金以及一些壳源矿物(如锆石、石英、角闪石和金红石)。西藏罗布莎铬铁矿中的柯石英和蓝晶石呈针柱状集合体交生在一起,产在钛铁合金矿物的边部,这些柯石英集合体可能代表了更高压相的斯石英发生退变后形成的假象矿物。蓝晶石、柯石英、青松矿包裹体(一种立方晶系的氮化硼)以及TiO2 II(金红石的高压相矿物)等矿物的发现指示铬铁矿形成的温压条件可能达到10~15 GPa、约1300 ℃,深度达大于380 km 的地幔转换带(mantle transition zone,MTZ)深度。碳化硅、自然元素矿物以及金属合金矿物的产出指示了一个超还原的地质环境。与金伯利岩、变质岩和陨石中的金刚石相比,蛇绿岩中的金刚石具有较轻的碳同位素组成以及不同类型的矿物包裹体,指示其碳物质可能源于地表的有机碳,经历了俯冲板片在深部的再循环作用。金刚石在蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中的普遍存在,表明大洋地幔可能是一个重要的碳储库。蛇绿岩型金刚石的发现证明了浅部碳可以俯冲至深部地幔。蛇绿岩型金刚石为研究地球的深部碳循环提供了新窗口。

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