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《工程(英文)》 >> 2024年 第34卷 第3期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.10.012

深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

a Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona 08003, Spain
b Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples 80121, Italy
c University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden
d GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
e Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia 46013, Spain
f Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg Texel 1790 AB, The Netherlands
g Polytechnic University of Marche (UNIVPM), Ancona 60131, Italy
h SARTI-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Vilanova i la Geltrú 08800, Spain
i Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN2 2LG, UK
l Engitec Systems International Limited, Limassol 3083, Cyprus
m Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Monterotondo 00015, Italy

收稿日期: 2023-04-02 修回日期: 2023-09-14 录用日期: 2023-10-08 发布日期: 2024-01-19

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摘要

The United Nations (UN)'s call for a decade of “ecosystem restoration” was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural ecosystems. Marine ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat loss in deep waters (> 200 m depth). At these depths, which are far beyond those accessible by divers, only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), landers, and crawlers can operate through manipulators and their multiparametric sensor technologies (e.g., optoacoustic imaging, omics, and environmental probes). The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide: ① high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa; ② physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa; ③ real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring; and ④ the potential to work autonomously. Here, we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial scales. We expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats, such as ① reef-building cold-water corals, ② soft-bottom bamboo corals, and ③ soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries (i.e., fishing and oil/gas).

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