[ 1 ] Annex B. National BIM standard‒United States version 3 [EB/OL]. (2007-12-15)[2023-02-15]. https: //classes.engr.oregonstate.edu/cce/winter2018/cce203/NBIMS-US_V3/NBIMS-US_V3_Annex_B_NBIMS-V1P1_December_2007.pdf. 链接1

[ 2 ] Eastman C, Teicholz P, Sacks R, et al. BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors [M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2008.

[ 3 ] Li K, Cui Y K, Li W C, et al. When Internet of things meets metaverse: Convergence of physical and cyber worlds [J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2023, 10(5): 4148‒4173.

[ 4 ] Lee E A. Cyber physical systems: Design challenges [C]. Orlando: The 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), 2008.

[ 5 ] 何积丰 , 李宣东‍ . ‍ 信息 - 物理融合系统 [J]. 中国计算机学会通讯 , 2013 , 9 7 : 6 ‒ 7 .
He J F , Li X D . Cyber physical systems [J]. Communication of China Computer Federation , 2013 , 9 7 : 6 ‒ 7 .

[ 6 ] 杨启亮‍ . 面向“信息 - 物理”融合的建筑信息模型扩展方法研究 [R]. 北京 : 清华大学 , 2017 .
Yang Q L . Research on the extension method of building information model oriented to cyber physical systems [R]. Beijing : Tsinghua University , 2017 .

[ 7 ] 杨启亮 , 马智亮 , 邢建春 , 等‍ . 面向信息物理融合的建筑信息模型扩展方法 [J]. 同济大学学报 自然科学版 , 2020 , 48 10 : 1406 ‒ 1416 .
Yang Q L , Ma Z L , Xing J C , et al . An extension approach of building information modeling to cyber-physical systems [J]. Journal of Tongji University Natural Science , 2020 , 48 10 : 1406 ‒ 1416 .

[ 8 ] Ding L Y, Zhou Y, Akinci B. Building information modeling (BIM) application framework: The process of expanding from 3D to computable nD [J]. Automation in Construction, 2014, 46: 82‒93.

[ 9 ] 张建平 , 范喆 , 王阳利 , 等‍ . 基于4D-BIM的施工资源动态管理与成本实时监控 [J]. 施工技术 , 2011 , 40 4 : 37 ‒ 40 .
Zhang J P , Fan Z , Wang Y L , et al . Dynamic management of construction resources and real-time monitoring of costs based on 4D-BIM [J]. Construction Technology , 2011 , 40 4 : 37 ‒ 40 .

[10] Zhu J X, Wu P, Lei X. IFC-graph for facilitating building information access and query [J]. Automation in Construction, 2023, 148: 104778.

[11] Sanchez B, Ballinas-Gonzalez R, Rodriguez-Paz M. Development of a BIM-VR application for elearning engineering education [C]. Vienna: 2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2021.

[12] Chen K, Lu W S, Peng Y, et al. Bridging BIM and building: From a literature review to an integrated conceptual framework [J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2015, 33(6): 1405‒1416.

[13] Azimi R, Lee S, AbouRizk S M, et al. A framework for an automated and integrated project monitoring and control system for steel fabrication projects [J]. Automation in Construction, 2011, 20: 88‒97.

[14] Shu T, Sheldena D R, Eastman C M, et al. BIM assisted building automation system information exchange using BACnet and IFC [J]. Automation in Construction, 2020, 110: 103049.

[15] Zahid H, Elmansoury O, Yaagoubi R. Dynamic predicted mean vote: An IoT-BIM integrated approach for indoor thermal comfort optimization [J]. Automation in Construction, 2021, 129: 103805.

[16] Rio J, Ferreira B, Poças-Martins J. Expansion of IFC model with structural sensors [J]. Informes de la Construcción, 2013, 65: 219‒228.

[17] Akanmu A, Anumba C J. Cyber-physical systems integration of building information models and the physical construction [J]. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 2015, 22 (5): 516‒535.

[18] Lin C H, Ho M C, Hsieh P C, et al. Study of a BIM-based cyber-physical system and intelligent disaster prevention system in Taipei main station [J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12: 10730.

[19] Da Silva T F L, De Carvalho M M, Vieira D R, et al. BIM critical-success factors in the design phase and risk management: Exploring knowledge and maturity mediating effect [J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2022, 148(10): 04022104.

[20] Cavalliere C, Dell´Osso G R, Favia F, et al. BIM-based assessment metrics for the functional flexibility of building designs [J]. Automation in Construction, 2019, 107(11): 102925.

[21] Zhai Y, Chen K, Zhou J X, et al. An Internet of things-enabled BIM platform for modular integrated construction: A case study in Hong Kong [J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2019, 90: 100997.

[22] Nizam R S, Zhang C, Tian L. A BIM based tool for assessing embodied energy for buildings [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2018 (7): 1‒14.

[23] Yan D, O´Brien W, Hong T. Occupant behavior modeling for building performance simulation: Current state and future challenges [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2015, 170: 1‒14.

[24] Li M, Yu H, Liu P. An automated safety risk recognition mechanism for underground construction at the pre-construction stage based on BIM [J]. Automation in Construction, 2018, 91: 284‒292.

[25] Lei Y, Rao Y P, Wu J M, et al. BIM based cyber-physical systems for intelligent disaster prevention [J]. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2020, 20: 100171.

[26] Gao X H, Pishdad-Bozorgi P. BIM-enabled facilities operation and maintenance: A review [J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2019, 39: 227‒247.

[27] Cheng J C P, Chen W W, Chen K Y, et al. Data-driven predictive maintenance planning framework for MEP components based on BIM and IoT using machine learning algorithms [J]. Automation in Construction, 2020, 112: 103087.

[28] IFC2edition x 3 final [EB/OL]. [2023-04-15]. http://www.iai-international.org/. 链接1

[29] Negendahl K. Building performance simulation in the early design stage: An introduction to integrated dynamic models [J]. Automation in Construction, 2015, 54(6): 39‒53.

[30] Wang H, Pan Y, Luo X. Integration of BIM and GIS in sustainable built environment: A review and bibliometric analysis [J]. Automation in Construction, 2019, 103: 41‒52.

[31] Huang C Y, Chiang Y H, Tsai F. An ontology integrating the open standards of city models and internet of things for smart-city applications [J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2022, 20(9): 20444‒20457.

[32] Lei B Y, Stouffs R, Biljecki F. Assessing and benchmarking 3D city models [J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2023, 37(4): 788‒809.

[33] Biljecki F, Lim J, Crawford J, et al. Extending cityGML for IFC-sourced 3D city models [J]. Automation in Construction, 2021, 121: 103440.

[34] Julin A, Jaalama K, Virtanen J P, et al. Characterizing 3D city modeling projects: Towards a harmonized interoperable system [J]. International Journal of Geo-Information, 2018, 55(7): 1‒18.

[35] 戴晟 , 赵罡 , 于勇 , 等‍ . 数字化产品定义发展趋势: 从样机到孪生 [J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 , 2018 , 30 8 : 1554 ‒ 1562 .
Dai S , Zhao G , Yu Y , et al . Trend of digital product definition: From mock-up to twin [J]. Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Graphics , 2018 , 30 8 : 1554 ‒ 1562 .

[36] Barricelli B R, Casiraghi E, Fogli D. A survey on digital twin: Definitions, characteristics, applications, and design implications [J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 167653‒167671.

[37] 杨林瑶 , 陈思远 , 王晓 , 等‍ . 数字孪生与平行系统: 发展现状、对比及展望 [J]. 自动化学报 , 2019 , 4 11 : 2001 ‒ 2031 .
Yang L Y , Chen S Y , Wang X , et al . Digital twins and parallel systems: State of the art, comparisons and prospect [J]. Acta Automatica Sinica , 2019 , 4 11 : 2001 ‒ 2031 .

[38] Jiang F, Ma L, Broyd T, et al. Digital twin and its implementations in the civil engineering sector [J]. Automation in Construction, 2021, 130: 103838.

[39] Minerv R, Lee G, Crespi C. Digital twin in the IoT context: A survey on technical features, scenarios, and architectural models [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2020, 108(10): 1785‒1824.

[40] Lyu Z H, Chen D L, Lyu H B. Smart city construction and management by digital twins and BIM big data in COVID-19 scenario [J]. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications, 2022, 18: 117.

[41] Zhao J F, Feng H B, Chen Q, et al. Developing a conceptual framework for the application of digital twin technologies to revamp building operation and maintenance processes [J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, 49: 104028.

[42] 李苏亮‍ . 建筑设施设备数字孪生体的建模与实现方法研究 [D]. 南京 : 陆军工程大学 硕士学位论文 , 2021 .
Li S L . Research on modeling and implementation methods of digital twins for building facilities and equipment [D]. Nanjing : Army Engineering University of PLA Master´s thesis , 2021 .

[43] Li S L, Yang Q L, Xing J C, et al. A foundation model for building digital twins: A case study of a chiller [J]. Buildings, 2022, 12(8): 1079.