期刊首页 优先出版 当期阅读 过刊浏览 作者中心 关于期刊 English

《中国工程科学》 >> 2024年 第26卷 第1期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.07.004

面向环境司法智能审判场景的人工智能 大模型应用探讨

1. 中南大学商学院,长沙 410083;

2. 湘江实验室,长沙 410205;

3. 湖南工商大学前沿交叉学院,长沙 410205

收稿日期: 2023-12-02 修回日期: 2024-02-18

下一篇 上一篇

摘要

环境司法审判是生态环境治理体系的重要组成部分,基于生成式人工智能(AI)技术的突破而形成的AI 大模型为环境司法审判工作转向更高水平的智能审判体系提供了重大机遇。本文围绕推进AI 大模型技术与环境司法审判工作融合、实现环境司法审判工作创新发展的主旨,探讨了AI 大模型在环境司法智能审判中的赋能作用和应用实践,凝炼了当前环境司法AI 大模型存在的数据质量“低劣”“算法黑箱”引发偏见、深度应用能力不足等突出问题;以生态环境保护类案件应用为例,构建了基于AI 大模型的环境司法智能审判系统,阐述了相应系统的架构设计以及涉及的技术要素。进一步提出了注重顶层设计、建设环境司法高端智库,建设环境司法数据中台、健全司法数据标准及规范体系,构建算法治理机制、促进环境司法审判公平正义,完善环境司法多元问责机制、筑牢司法监督管理体系等发展建议,以期丰富环境司法审判工作的前沿技术认知,加快环境司法的智能化、智慧化、现代化转型进程。

图片

图 1

参考文献

[ 1 ] 孙金龙. 深入学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想 努力建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化 [J]. 中国环保产业, 2022 (12): 5‒7.
Sun J L. Study and implement Xi Jinping´s thought on ecological civilization in an in-depth manner, and strive to build the modernization with harmonious coexistence between man and nature [J]. China Environmental Protection Industry, 2022 (12): 5‒7.

[ 2 ] 张忠民, 王雅琪, 冀鹏飞. "双碳"目标的法治回应论纲——以环境司法为中心 [J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2022, 32(4): 44‒56.
Zhang Z M, Wang Y Q, Ji P F. An outline of the legal response to the "dual carbon" goals: Focusing on environmental justice [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2022, 32(4): 44‒56.

[ 3 ] 陈晓红, 蔡思佳, 汪阳洁. 我国生态环境监管体系的制度变迁逻辑与启示 [J]. 管理世界, 2020, 36(11): 160‒172.
Chen X H, Cai S J, Wang Y J. The institutional and policy logic of the implementation of the environmental protection supervision system in China [J]. Management World, 2020, 36(11): 160‒172.

[ 4 ] 姜渊, 陈子琦. 强化个体规制必然能减少污染总排放吗?——来自《环境保护法》的经验证据 [J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2023, 33(2): 19‒29.
Jiang Y, Chen Z Q. Does strengthening individual regulation necessarily reduce total pollution emissions? Empirical evidence from the Environmental Protection Law [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2023, 33(2): 19‒29.

[ 5 ] 徐力刚, 谢永宏, 王晓龙. 长江中游通江湖泊洪泛湿地生态环境问题与研究展望 [J]. 中国科学基金, 2022, 36(3): 406‒411.
Xu L G, Xie Y H, Wang X L. Ecological environment problems and research prospect of flood wetlands of Yangtze River-connected Lake in the middle reaches of Yangtze River [J]. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2022, 36(3): 406‒411.

[ 6 ] 胡东滨, 林媚, 陈晓红. 流域横向生态补偿政策的水环境效益评估 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(11): 5447‒5456.
Hu D B, Lin M, Chen X H. Effects of river basin horizontal ecological compensation on water environment benefits [J]. China Environmental Science, 2022, 42(11): 5447‒5456.

[ 7 ] 任静, 李娟, 席北斗, 等. 我国地下水污染防治现状与对策研究 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2022, 24(5): 161‒168.
Ren J, Li J, Xi B D, et al. Groundwater pollution prevention and control in China: Current status and countermeasures [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(5): 161‒168.

[ 8 ] 吴剑, 许嘉钰, 郝吉明. 京津冀环境综合治理措施评价研究 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2019, 21(5): 99‒105.
Wu J, Xu J Y, Hao J M. Evaluation of measures for comprehensive environmental control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2019, 21(5): 99‒105.

[ 9 ] 张甘霖, 谷孝鸿, 赵涛, 等. 中国湖泊生态环境变化与保护对策 [J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2023, 38(3): 358‒364.
Zhang G L, Gu X H, Zhao T, et al. Ecological and environmental changes and protection measures of lakes in China [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023, 38(3): 358‒364.

[10] 霍守亮, 张含笑, 金小伟, 等. 我国水生态环境安全保障对策研究 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2022, 24(5): 1‒7.
Huo S L, Zhang H X, Jin X W, et al. Countermeasures for assuring water ecological environment security in China [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(5): 1‒7.

[11] 王金南, 蒋洪强, 吴文俊, 等. 珠江三角洲地区生态文明建设提升战略研究 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2022, 24(6): 154‒163.
Wang J N, Jiang H Q, Wu W J, et al. Promotion of ecological civilization construction in the Pearl River Delta Region [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(6): 154‒163.

[12] 姜雅婷, 杜焱强. 中央生态环保督察如何生成地方生态环境治理成效?——基于岱海湖治理的长时段过程追踪 [J]. 管理世界, 2023, 39(11): 133‒152.
Jiang Y T, Du Y Q. How does the central ecological and environmental protection inspection generate local eco-environmental governance effects? A long-term process-tracing based on the governance practices of Daihai Lake [J]. Journal of Management World, 2023, 39(11): 133‒152.

[13] 吕忠梅. 中国环境司法发展报告(2015—2017) [M]. 北京: 人民法院出版社, 2018.
Lyu Z M. Report on the development of environmental justice in China (2015—2017) [M]. Beijing: People´s Court Press, 2018.

[14] 吕忠梅. 中国环境司法发展报告(2017—2018) [M]. 北京: 人民法院出版社, 2019.
Lyu Z M. Report on the development of environmental justice in China (2017—2018) [M]. Beijing: People´s Court Press, 2019.

[15] 吕忠梅. 中国环境司法发展报告(2019) [M]. 北京: 法律出版社, 2020.
Lyu Z M. Report on the development of environmental justice in China (2019) [M]. Beijing: Law Press China, 2020.

[16] 吕忠梅. 中国环境司法发展报告(2020) [M]. 北京: 法律出版社, 2021.
Lyu Z M. Report on the development of environmental justice in China (2020) [M]. Beijing: Law Press China, 2021.

[17] 吕忠梅. 中国环境司法发展报告(2021) [M]. 北京: 法律出版社, 2022.
Lyu Z M. Report on the development of environmental justice in China (2021) [M]. Beijing: Law Press China, 2022.

[18] 吕忠梅. 中国环境司法发展报告(2022) [M]. 北京: 法律出版社, 2023.
Lyu Z M. Report on the development of environmental justice in China (2022) [M]. Beijing: Law Press China, 2023.

[19] 张军. 最高人民法院关于人民法院环境资源审判工作情况的报告 [EB/OL]. (2023-10-24)[2023-12-25]. https://www.court.gov.cn/zixun/xiangqing/415722.html.
Zhang J. Report of the Supreme People´s Court on the work of the people´s courts in environmental resources trials [EB/OL]. (2023-10-24)[2023-12-25]. https://www.court.gov.cn/zixun/xiangqing/415722.html.

[20] 焦艳鹏. 基于司法大数据的生态环境犯罪刑法惩治分析 [J]. 重庆大学学报(社会科学版), 2022, 28(5): 173‒191.
Jiao Y P. Analysis on criminal punishment of ecological environment crimes based on judicial big data [J]. Journal of Chongqing University (Social Science Edition), 2022, 28(5): 173‒191.

[21] 张怡然, 曹明德. 人工智能赋能气候治理的法治挑战及应对 [J]. 环境保护, 2023, 51(11):19‒23.
Zhang Y R, Cao M D. Legal challenges and responses to climate governance enabled by artificial intelligence [J]. Environmental Protection, 2023, 51(11):19‒23.

[22] 魏斌. 司法人工智能融入司法改革的难题与路径 [J]. 现代法学, 2021, 43(3): 3‒23.
Wei B. The dilemmas and paths of artificial intelligence for justice empowering judicial reform [J]. Modern Law Science, 2021, 43(3): 3‒23.

[23] 王腾. 黄河流域环境资源犯罪的空间分异与司法应对 [J]. 湖北社会科学, 2023 (3): 130‒138.
Wang T. Spatial differentiation and judicial response of environmental resources crime in the Yellow River Basin [J]. Hubei Social Sciences, 2023 (3): 130‒138.

[24] 徐祖信. 长江水环境治理关键要素分析 [J/OL]. 水利发展研究, [2024-01-13]. doi: 11.4655.TV.2023 1201.1603.018.
Xu Z X. Analysis of key elements in water environment governance of Yangtze River [J/OL]. Water Resources Development Research, [2024-01-13]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.4655.TV.20231201.1603.018.html.

[25] 陈晓红. 以新一代信息技术为引擎加快形成新质生产力 [N]. 人民政协报, 2023-11-30(07).
Chen X H. Take the new generation of information technology as the engine to accelerate the formation of new quality productivity [N]. CPPCC Daily, 2023-11-30(07).

[26] 陈晓红. 打造AI大模型创新应用高地 [EB/OL]. (2023-12-04)[2023-12-25]. http://lw.news.cn/2023-12/04/c_1310753536.htm.
Chen X H. Create a highland for the innovation and application of AI large language models [EB/OL]. (2023-12-04)[2023-12-25]. http://lw.news.cn/2023-12/04/c_1310753536.htm.

[27] 车万翔, 窦志成, 冯岩松, 等. 大模型时代的自然语言处理: 挑战、机遇与发展 [J]. 中国科学: 信息科学, 2023, 53(9): 1645‒1687.
Che W X, Dou Z C, Feng Y S, et al. Towards a comprehensive understanding of the impact of large language models on natural language processing: Challenges, opportunities and future directions [J]. SCIENTIA SINICA Informationis, 2023, 53(9): 1645‒1687.

[28] 陶建华, 聂帅, 车飞虎. 语言大模型的演进与启示 [J]. 中国科学基金, 2023, 37(5): 767‒775.
Tao J H, Nie S, Che F H. The evolution and inspiration of large language model technology [J]. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2023, 37(5): 767‒775.

[29] 张熙, 杨小汕, 徐常胜. ChatGPT及生成式人工智能现状及未来发展方向 [J]. 中国科学基金, 2023, 37(5): 743‒750.
Zhang X, Yang X S, Xu C S. Current state and future development directions of ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence [J]. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2023, 37(5): 743‒750.

[30] 王昀, 胡珉, 塔娜, 等. 大语言模型及其在政务领域的应用 [J/OL]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), [2023-11-10]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2223.N.20230817.1835.001.
Wang Y, Hu M, Ta N, et al. Large language models and their application in government affairs [J/OL]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), [2023-11-10]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2223.N.20230817.1835.001.

[31] 刘庆杰, 刘朔, 吴一戎, 等. 大数据技术赋能法律监督 [J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2022, 37(12): 1695‒1704.
Liu Q J, Liu S, Wu Y R, et al. Big data technology enabling legal supervision [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022, 37(12): 1695‒1704.

[32] 王运涛, 王国强, 王桥, 等. 我国生态环境大数据发展现状与展望 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2022, 24(5): 56‒62.
Wang Y T, Wang G Q, Wang Q, et al. Development status and prospects of ecological environment big data in China [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(5): 56‒62.

[33] 姚志伟, 李卓霖. 生成式人工智能内容风险的法律规制 [J]. 西安交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 43(5): 147‒160.
Yao Z W, Li Z L. Legal regulations on the risks of generative artificial intelligence content [J]. Journal of Xi´an Jiaotong University (Social Sciences), 2023, 43(5): 147‒160.

[34] 刘国华, 沈杨. 人工智能辅助司法裁判的实践困境及其应对策略 [J]. 学术交流, 2021 (9): 42‒52, 191‒192.
Liu G H, Shen Y. The practical dilemma of AI-assisted judicial adjudication and its countermeasures [J]. Academic Exchange, 2021 (9): 42‒52, 191‒192.

相关研究