大跨度桥梁抗风技术挑战与基础研究
同济大学土木工程学院桥梁工程系,上海 200092
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摘要
以我国30年大跨度桥梁的快速发展为研究背景,对3种大跨度桥梁的抗风技术挑战进行了基础性研究和应用性研究,着重探讨了悬索桥的颤振性能及其控制、斜拉桥风振性能与拉索风雨振控制、拱式桥涡激共振及其控制、特大桥梁风振精细化理论等一系列抗风关键问题。研究结果表明:悬索桥的颤振稳定性跨径上限约为1 500 m,超过甚至接近这一上限时,必须采取措施改善加劲梁的抗风稳定性;千米级大跨度斜拉桥仍具有足够高的颤振临界风速,其主要抗风问题是长拉索的风雨振动;大跨径拱桥除了个别有涡振问题之外,还没有受到结构抗风性能的影响。文章还提出了三维桥梁颤振精确分析的全模态方法、任意斜风作用下桥梁抖振频域分析方法、基于二阶矩理论和首次超越理论的桥梁颤振和抖振可靠性评价方法,揭示了桥梁颤振演化规律、驱动机理和控制原理。
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