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Moving target detection in the cepstrum domain for passive coherent location (PCL) radar

Ji-chuan LI,Xiao-de LU,Hui ZHANG,Peng-cheng YANG,Yu LIU,Mao-sheng XIANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第9期页码 785-795 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500036

摘要： A cepstrum moving target detection (CEPMTD) algorithm based on cepstrum techniques is proposed for passive coherent location (PCL) radar systems. The primary cepstrum techniques are of great success in recognizing the arrival times of static target echoes. To estimate the Doppler frequencies of moving targets, we divide the radar data into a large number of segments, and reformat these segments into a detection matrix. Applying the cepstrum and the Fourier transform to the fast and slow time dimensions respectively, we can obtain the range information and Doppler information of the moving targets. Based on the CEPMTD outlined above, an improved CEPMTD algorithm is proposed to improve the detection performance. Theoretical analyses show that only the target’s peak can be coherently added. The performance of the improved CEPMTD is initially validated by simulations, and then by experiments. The simulation results show that the detection performance of the improved CEPMTD algorithm is 13.3 dB better than that of the CEPMTD algorithm and 6.4 dB better than that of the classical detection algorithm based on the radar cross ambiguity function (CAF). The experiment results show that the detection performance of the improved CEPMTD algorithm is 1.63 dB better than that of the radar CAF.

关键词： Moving target detection Cepstrum techniques Cross ambiguity function (CAF) Passive coherent location (PCL) radar

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基于时域滤波和关联策略的红外慢速目标检测 Article

Jing-li GAO,Cheng-lin WEN,Zhe-jing BAO,Mei-qin LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第11期页码 1176-1185 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601203

摘要：红外慢速目标的一些独特特性，例如像素少，不成形的边缘信息，低信杂比和低速等，使得它们的检测异常困难，而当被淹没在复杂背景中时尤甚。为了解决这一问题，根据时域目标检测和关联策略，本文提出了一种有效的红外目标检测算法。首先，建立一种时域目标检测模型对疑似目标进行分割，该模型主要包含三个阶段，时域滤波，时域目标融合和交叉积滤波；然后提出一种图模型，来关联不同时刻获取的疑似目标。这种关联依赖于目标的运动和表观特征，可进行多次关联操作获取目标轨迹，并据此区分真实目标和由噪声或杂波引起的虚假目标。实验结果表明本文提出的方法能够准确、鲁棒地检测复杂背景下的红外慢速目标，且与几种基准方法相比具有优越的检测性能。

关键词：时域目标检测；慢速移动目标；图匹配；目标关联

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移动目标防御：现状及特征 Review

Gui-lin CAI,Bao-sheng WANG,Wei HU,Tian-zuo WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第11期页码 1122-1153 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601321

摘要：易攻难守是当前网络安全研究面临的核心问题，而移动目标防御（Moving target defense, MTD）为解决这一问题提供了一种全新思路。当前已有涉及MTD多个方面的大量研究被提出。

关键词：移动目标防御；安全模型；功能和移动模型；特征

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基于博弈论方法的移动目标防御机理研究 Article

Gui-lin CAI, Bao-sheng WANG, Qian-qian XING

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第12期页码 2017-2034 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601797

摘要：移动目标防御（moving target defense, MTD）为改变当前网络易攻难守的局面提供了一种新的思路。目前已有大量的MTD技术，但对其防御机理的研究仍然缺乏。

关键词：网络安全；移动目标防御；防御机理；防御模型；博弈论

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Amodified variable rate particle filter for maneuvering target tracking

Yun-fei GUO,Kong-shuai FAN,Dong-liang PENG,Ji-an LUO,Han SHENTU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第11期页码 985-994 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500149

摘要： To address the problem of maneuvering target tracking, where the target trajectory has prolonged smooth regions and abrupt maneuvering regions, a modified variable rate particle filter (MVRPF) is proposed. First, a Cartesian-coordinate based variable rate model is presented. Compared with conventional variable rate models, the proposed model does not need any prior knowledge of target mass or external forces. Consequently, it is more convenient in practical tracking applications. Second, a maneuvering detection strategy is adopted to adaptively adjust the parameters in MVRPF, which helps allocate more state points at high maneuver regions and fewer at smooth regions. Third, in the presence of small measurement errors, the unscented particle filter, which is embedded in MVRPF, can move more particles into regions of high likelihood and hence can improve the tracking performance. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Maneuvering target tracking Prolonged smooth regions Variable rate model Maneuver detection

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一种面向地面区域检测和目标跟踪的多传感器系统协同调度方法 Research Article

张昀普,付强,单甘霖

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第2期页码 245-258 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200121

摘要：本文提出一种面向多任务协同的多传感器系统协同调度方法，并将其应用于地面区域检测和目标跟踪。调度的目的是选择最佳的传感器来完成分配的作战任务，并获得最佳作战收益。首先建立区域检测模型，并提出检测风险的计算方法以量化在调度中的检测收益。然后结合道路约束信息和多普勒盲区信息建立地面目标跟踪模型，并引入后验克拉美罗下限评估未来时刻的跟踪精度。最后，考虑检测、跟踪和能耗控制的需求建立目标函数，通过求解目标函数，得到最优的传感器调度方案。仿真结果表明，所提传感器调度方法可以选择合适的传感器完成所需作战任务，并在区域检测、目标跟踪和能耗控制方面均具有良好性能。

关键词：传感器调度；区域检测；目标跟踪；道路约束；多普勒盲区

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Vibration analysis of a simply supported beam under moving mass based on moving finite element method

Zhuchao YE, Huaihai CHEN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第4期页码 397-400 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0044-7

摘要： In this paper, a moving finite element (MFE) method is proposed to perform the dynamic analysis of a simply supported beam for a moving mass (MM). The MFE method treats the moving mass as a moving part of the entire system, so that the transverse inertial effects caused by the moving mass may easily be taken into account. The solution to the beam’s dynamic behaviors including its displacement is obtained via a Newmark-β method; the effects of the velocity and weight of the MM on the beam’s dynamic behaviors are further discussed. The numerical examples show that the inertial effects of the MM significantly affect the transverse responses of the simply supported beam.

关键词： simply supported beam moving mass (MM) transverse vibration moving finite element (MFE)

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一种应用于目标检测和跟踪的和差波束扫描的双周期漏波天线阵列 Research Article

黄棉烽1,2,刘菊华1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第4期页码 567-581 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200473

摘要：本文提出一种两个基片集成波导（SIW）周期性漏波天线（LWA）组成的天线阵列，该阵列具有和差波束扫描功能，可应用于目标检测和跟踪。阵列由两个具有不同周期的漏波天线组成，其中每个漏波天线通过n=-1空间谐波辐射产生窄波束。这两个漏波天线因为具有不同的周期所以可产生两个不同方向的波束。当对阵列进行同相馈电时，这两个波束将组合成和波束；当对阵列进行反相馈电时，两个波束则组合成差波束。我们设计了集成180°混合网络的阵列，并对其加工与实测。实测结果显示阵列的和波束增益最高可达15.9 dBi，和波束扫描范围为-33.4°至20.8°。在扫描范围内，差波束中的零点方向与和波束的辐射方向角一致，最低的零点深度为-40.8 dB。实测结果表明该天线阵列具有优异的性能，能够为目标检测和跟踪应用提供一种低复杂度和低成本的替代解决方案。

关键词：天线；漏波天线（LWA）；基片集成波导（SIW）；和差波束；目标检测和跟踪

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Dynamic prediction of moving trajectory in pipe jacking: GRU-based deep learning framework

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 994-1010 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0942-5

摘要： The moving trajectory of the pipe-jacking machine (PJM), which primarily determines the end quality of jacked tunnels, must be controlled strictly during the entire jacking process. Developing prediction models to support drivers in performing rectifications in advance can effectively avoid considerable trajectory deviations from the designed jacking axis. Hence, a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based deep learning framework is proposed herein to dynamically predict the moving trajectory of the PJM. In this framework, operational data are first extracted from a data acquisition system; subsequently, they are preprocessed and used to establish GRU-based multivariate multistep-ahead direct prediction models. To verify the performance of the proposed framework, a case study of a large pipe-jacking project in Shanghai and comparisons with other conventional models (i.e., long short-term memory (LSTM) network and recurrent neural network (RNN)) are conducted. In addition, the effects of the activation function and input time-step length on the prediction performance of the proposed framework are investigated and discussed. The results show that the proposed framework can dynamically and precisely predict the PJM moving trajectory during the pipe-jacking process, with a minimum mean absolute error and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.1904 and 0.5011 mm, respectively. The RMSE of the GRU-based models is lower than those of the LSTM- and RNN-based models by 21.46% and 46.40% at the maximum, respectively. The proposed framework is expected to provide an effective decision support for moving trajectory control and serve as a foundation for the application of deep learning in the automatic control of pipe jacking.

关键词： dynamic prediction moving trajectory pipe jacking GRU deep learning

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拟态防御基础理论研究综述

斯雪明,王伟,曾俊杰、杨本朝、李光松、苑超、张帆

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 62-68 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.013

摘要：

随着互联网的发展，网络空间安全问题已成为关系到国家安全的大问题。本文首先介绍了一些经典的网络安全防御技术；其次介绍了拟态防御技术，包括拟态防御系统的构成、拟态防御的科学问题及其理论框架，对比传统网络防御技术，分析了拟态防御系统的有效性；最后对拟态防御基础理论还需要解决的问题做了阐述。

关键词：拟态防御网络空间移动目标防御拟态变换

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Design and analysis of the gripper mechanism based on generalized parallel mechanisms with configurable moving

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 765-781 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0655-1

摘要： Generalized parallel mechanisms with a configurable moving platform have become popular in the research field of parallel mechanism. This type of gripper mechanism can be applied to grasp large or heavy objects in different environments that are dangerous and complex for humans. This study proposes a family of novel (5 + 1) degrees of freedom (three translations and two rotations plus an additional grasping motion) gripper mechanisms based on the generalized parallel mechanisms with a configurable moving platform. First, the configurable moving platform, which is a closed loop, is designed for grasping manipulation. The hybrid topological arrangement is determined to improve the stiffness of the manipulator and realize high load-to-weight ratios. A sufficient rule based on Lie group theory is proposed to synthesize the mechanism. The hybrid limb structure is also enumerated. A family of novel gripper mechanisms can be assembled through the hybrid limbs by satisfying the rule. Two examples of the gripper mechanisms with and without parallelogram pairs are shown in this study. A kinematic analysis of the example mechanism is presented. The workspace shows that the mechanism possesses high rotational capability. In addition, a stiffness analysis is performed.

关键词： generalized parallel mechanism configurable moving platform gripper mechanism type synthesis kinematic analysis

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Multi-harmonic forced vibration and resonance of simple beams to moving vehicles

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 981-993 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0979-5

摘要： This study modeled the moving-vehicle-induced forcing excitation on a single-span prismatic bridge as a multiple frequency-multiplication harmonic load on the modal coordinates of a linear elastic simple Euler–Bernoulli beam, and investigated the forced modal oscillation and resonance behavior of this type of dynamic system. The forced modal responses consist of multiple frequency-multiplication steady-state harmonics and one damped mono-frequency complementary harmonic. The analysis revealed that a moving load induces high-harmonic forced resonance amplification when the moving speed is low. To verify the occurrence of high-harmonic forced resonance, numerical tests were conducted on single-span simple beams based on structural modeling using the finite element method (FEM) and a moving sprung-mass oscillator vehicle model. The forced resonance amplification characteristics of the fundamental mode for beam response estimation are presented with consideration to different end restraint conditions. The results reveal that the high-harmonic forced resonance may be significant for the investigated beams subjected to vehicle loads moving at specific low speeds. For the investigated single-span simple beams, the moving vehicle carriage heaving oscillation modulates the beam modal frequency, but does not induce notable variation of the modal oscillation harmonic structure for the cases that vehicle of small mass moves in low speed.

关键词： forced vibration linear Euler beam moving load harmonic structure frequency modulation end restraints

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基于海面更快区域卷积神经网络的导航雷达平面位置指示器图像海面目标检测方法 Research Article

陈小龙,牟效乾,关键,刘宁波,周伟

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第4期页码 630-643 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000611

摘要：更快的区域卷积神经网络（Faster R-CNN）作为一种经典深度学习目标检测算法，已广泛应用于高分辨率合成孔径雷达和逆合成孔径雷达的图像检测。然而，对于大多数常见的低分辨率雷达平面位置指示器（PPI）图像，很难取得良好性能。本文以导航雷达PPI图像为例，针对复杂背景（如海杂波）和目标特性情况，提出一种基于海面的更快的区域卷积神经网络（Marine-Faster R-CNN）算法的海面目标检测方法。该方法利用卷积神经网络（CNN）对雷达回波生成的PPI图像进行特征提取和目标识别。首先，为提高检测海面目标的准确率，降低虚警率，设计了特征融合网络FFNet（Feature Fusion Network），并从锚点尺度、多目标检测、数据样本平衡性、尺度归一化等方面优化Faster R-CNN，并基于此建立Marine-Faster R-CNN海面目标检测模型。然后，利用日本无线电株式会社（JRC）导航雷达采集不同条件下的回波数据，构建海面目标数据集。最后，与经典Faster R-CNN方法和恒虚警率算法对比，证明所提方法准确率更高，稳健性更佳，泛化能力更强，可应用于导航雷达海面目标检测。它的性能经过了来自不同观测条件（海况、雷达参数和不同目标）数据集的验证。

关键词：海面目标检测；导航雷达；平面位置指示器（PPI）图像；卷积神经网络；更快的区域卷积神经网络

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灵活可变的运动图像的分割算法

赵彦玲,张之超,高振,张庆超

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第5期页码 84-87

摘要：

运动图像的分割在基于内容的视频编码及视频检索中占有重要的地位。利用运动图像帧中的时空域信息，提出了一种分割运动对象的方法。其最大的特点是灵活性，可以根据序列的实际情况来选择算法。实验证明分割效果较好并节省了处理时间。

关键词：时空结合运动区域运动对象形态梯度算子灵活性

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Effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency in a moving bed biofilm reactor

Yanling WEI,Xunfei YIN,Lu QI,Hongchen WANG,Yiwei GONG,Yaqian LUO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 569-577 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0822-x

摘要： Three laboratory-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) with different carrier filling ratios ranging from 40% to 60% were used to study the effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three MBBRs in degrading chemical oxygen demand and ammonia. The three reactors removed more than 95% of -N at an air flow-rate of 60 L·h . The standard oxygen transfer efficiency (αSOTE) of the three reactors was also investigated at air flow-rates ranging from 60 to 100 L·h . These results were compared to αSOTE of wastewater with a clean carrier (no biofilm attached). Results showed that under these process conditions, αSOTE decreased by approximately 70% as compared to αSOTE of wastewater at a different carrier-filling ratio. This indicated that the biofilm attached to the carrier had a negative effect on αSOTE. Mechanism analysis showed that the main inhibiting effects were related to biofilm flocculants and soluble microbial product (SMP). Biofilm flocs could decrease αSOTE by about 20%, and SMP could decrease αSOTE by 30%–50%.

关键词： carrier biofilm oxygen transfer efficiency moving bed biofilm reactor