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产业规模化 1

全加器；传输门；计数器；乘法器；三维布局；图像融合 1

全局优化 1

分段线性松弛 1

可再生能源消纳 1

天然气掺氢 1

天然气管网 1

氢能运输 1

连续时间调合模型 1

非线性汽油调合 1

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Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 702-717 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1861-9

摘要： The work studied a non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by blending under supercritical conditions using methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen donor. Characterisation of the bio-oil and the upgraded bio-oils was carried out including moisture content, elemental content, pH, heating value, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared radiation, C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the effects of blending and supercritical reactions. The GCMS analysis indicated that the supercritical methanol reaction removed the acids in the bio-oil consequently the pH increased from 2.39 in the crude bio-oil to 4.04 after the supercritical methanol reaction. The ester contents increased by 87.49% after the supercritical methanol reaction indicating ester formation could be the major deacidification mechanism for reducing the acidity of the bio-oil and improving its pH value. Simply blending crude bio-oil with isopropanol was effective in increasing the C and H content, reducing the O content and increasing the heating value to 27.55 from 17.51 MJ·kg in the crude bio-oil. After the supercritical isopropanol reaction, the heating value of the liquid product slightly further increased to 28.85 MJ·kg .

关键词： bio-oil blending supercritical upgrading characterisation

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Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0875-5

摘要： Two types of amphiphilic nanoparticles were prepared via silanization reaction. Amphiphilic nanoparticles tend to protrude from membrane matrix by segregation. Blending with amphiphilic nanoparticles further enhances membrane hydrophilicity. Excessive silanization cause adverse effect on blending efficiency. Membrane modification is one of the most feasible and effective solutions to membrane fouling problem which tenaciously hampered the further augmentation of membrane separation technology. Blending modification with nanoparticles (NPs), owing to the convenience of being incorporated in established membrane production lines, possesses an advantageous viability in practical applications. However, the existing blending strategy suffers from a low utilization efficiency due to NP encasement by membrane matrix. The current study proposed an improved blending modification approach with amphiphilic NPs (aNPs), which were prepared through silanization using 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) as coupling agents and ZnO or SiO as pristine NPs (pNPs), respectively. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of appropriate organic components in both the ZnO and SiO aNPs, which verified the success of the silanization process. As compared with the pristine and conventional pNP-blended membranes, both the ZnO aNP-blended and SiO aNP-blended membranes with proper silanization (100% and 200% w/w) achieved a significantly increased blending efficiency with more NPs scattering on the internal and external membrane surfaces under scanning electron microscope observation. This improvement contributed to the increase of membrane hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, an extra dosage of the TMSPMA led to an encasement of NPs, thereby adversely affecting the properties of the resultant membranes. On the basis of all the tests, 100% (w/w) was selected as the optimum TMSPMA dosage for blending modification for both the ZnO and SiO types.

关键词： Membrane modification Nanoparticle Hydrophilic Amphiphilic Blending

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Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 214-226 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017022

摘要： The empirical Complex Model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is used by refiners to predict the toxic emissions of reformulated gasoline with respect to gasoline properties. The difficulty in implementing this model in the blending process stems from the implicit definition of Complex Model through a series of disjunctions assembled by the EPA in the form of spreadsheets. A major breakthrough in the refinery-based Complex Model implementation occurred in 2008 and 2010 through the use of generalized disjunctive and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Nevertheless, the execution time of these MINLP models remains prohibitively long to control emissions with our online gasoline blender. The first objective of this study is to present a new model that decreases the execution time of our online controller. The second objective is to consider toxic thresholds as hard constraints to be verified and search for blends that verify them. Our approach introduces a new way to write the Complex Model without any binary or integer variables. Sigmoid functions are used herein to approximate step functions until the measurement precision for each blend property is reached. By knowing this level of precision, we are able to propose an extremely good and differentiable approximation of the Complex Model. Next, a differentiable objective function is introduced to penalize emission values higher than the threshold emissions. Our optimization module has been implemented and tested with real data. The execution time never exceeded 1 s, which allows the online regulation of emissions the same way as other traditional properties of blended gasoline.

关键词： emissions reformulated gasoline online control global optimization

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Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1249-1260 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0770-4

摘要： This study extended blending proportion range of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement blends, and investigated effects of proportions on setting time, workability, and strength development of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to help understand the performance of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. The setting time of the OPC-CSA blends was extended, and the workability was improved with increase of OPC content. Although the early-age strength decreased with increase of OPC content, the strength development was still very fast when the OPC content was lower than 60% due to the rapid formation and accumulation of ettringite. At 2 h, the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars with OPC contents of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% achieved the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 17.5, 13.9, 9.6, and 5.0 MPa, respectively. The OPC content had a negligible influence on long-term strength. At 90 d, the average UCS of the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars was 39.2 ± 1.7 MPa.

关键词： calcium sulfoaluminate cement cement blends hydration reaction setting workability compressive strength

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PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized

Shuai Wang, Tong Li, Chen Chen, Baicang Liu, John C. Crittenden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0980-0

摘要： Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-g-PEGMA) was synthesized using atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at different reaction times (9 h, 19 h, and 29 h). The corresponding conversion rates were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. PVDF was blended with the copolymer mixture containing PVDF-g-PEGMA, solvent and residual PEGMA under different reaction times. In this study, we explored the effect of the copolymer mixture additives with different synthesis times on cast membrane performance. Increasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA causes more PVDF-g-PEGMA and less residual PEGMA to be found in the casting solution. Incremental PVDF-g-PEGMA can dramatically increase the viscosity of the casting solution. An overly high viscosity led to a delayed phase inversion, thus hindering PEGMA segments in PVDF-g-PEGMA from migrating to the membrane surface. However, more residual PEGMA contributed to helping more PEGMA segments migrate to the membrane surface. The pure water fluxes of the blended membrane with reaction times of 9 h, 19 h, and 29 h are 5445 L·m ·h , 1068 L·m ·h and 1179 L·m ·h , respectively, at 0.07 MPa. Delayed phase inversion can form smaller surface pore size distributions, thus decreasing the water flux for the membranes with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h and 29 h. Therefore, we can control the membrane pore size distribution by decreasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA to obtain a better flux performance. The membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h exhibits the best foulant rejection and cleaning recovery due to its narrow pore size distribution and high surface oxygen content.

关键词： Polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membrane Amphiphilic copolymer Blended modification High flux Atomic transfer radical polymerization

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我国天然气掺氢产业发展研究

仲冰,张学秀,张博,彭苏萍

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 100-107 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.011

摘要：

氢能产业是实现终端用能绿色低碳转型的重要依托，而氢能输送效率是现阶段制约氢能产业发展的瓶颈环节；天然气管道掺氢输送可在短期内提升氢能的时空调配规模与效率，为扩大氢能应用规模提供解决方案。本文在界定天然气掺氢产业链范畴的基础上，探讨了发展天然气掺氢产业在推动氢能产业发展、解决可再生能源消纳、保障能源供应安全、实现终端用能深度减碳、推动能源科技创新等方面的重要价值；梳理了天然气掺氢产业的国际进展、国内现状，据此凝练了掺氢比例、管材及终端设备适应性、安全性、经济性等关键问题。研究建议，加强天然气掺氢产业顶层设计，构建适合我国国情的天然气掺氢产业安全监管、技术与运营管理标准体系；以政府引导、企业主导、多方参与、利益共享为原则，积极布局掺氢天然气示范项目；探索形成掺氢天然气多元化应用场景与商业模式，培育健康可持续的天然气掺氢产业生态圈，从而稳步推动掺氢天然气产业规模化发展。

关键词：天然气掺氢氢能运输天然气管网可再生能源消纳产业规模化

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Power to gas: addressing renewable curtailment by converting to hydrogen

Xiaohe YAN, Xin ZHANG, Chenghong GU, Furong LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 560-568 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0588-5

摘要： Renewable energy is the key to meeting increasing electricity demand and the decarburization targets in the generation mix. However, due to constrained power network capacity, a large volume of renewable generation is curtailed particularly from wind power, which is a huge waste of resources. There are typically three approaches to addressing excessive renewable: direct curtailment, the reinforcement of networks to expand transfer capacity, and the conversion of excessive renewable into other energy types, such as hydrogen, to transport. The costs and benefits of the three approaches could vary significantly across location, time, and penetration of renewable energy. This paper conducts a cost-benefit analysis and comparison of the three techniques to address wind curtailment. It uses a reduced 16-busbar UK transmission network to analyze the performance of the three approaches. The UK 2020 generation mix is used to quantify the saved renewable energy and incurred costs. The payback time and net present value of the two investment techniques are compared. From demonstration, it is reasonable to conclude that converting excessive wind power into hydrogen to transport is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to address wind curtailment.

关键词： blending hydrogen cost-benefit analysis electrolysis wind curtailment

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非线性调合调度问题的全局优化

Pedro A. Castillo Castillo Pedro M. Castro,Vladimir Mahalec

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第2期页码 188-201 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.02.005

摘要：

汽油调合调度是炼油工业中的一个重要问题。一方面，该问题具有调度问题本身所具有的组合优化特性；另一方面，由于调合各种具有不同品质特性的物料，导致该优化问题的非凸性。本文提出一种新型的全局优化算法，用于求解基于连续时间汽油调合调度模型的混合整数非线性规划问题。该模型包含调合配方优化、分配问题及若干操作特性和约束；算法上采用分段McCormick 松弛(PMCR) 和规范多参数解聚(NMDT)，计算全局最优解的估计值，其松弛技术将双线性项中的一个变量值域进行分割，进而在每一个分段上产生凸松弛；通过增加分段数和缩减变量的值域，提高对全局最优解的估计。本文利用该算法求解四个案例，并与两个商业全局优化求解器和两个启发式算法进行比较，结果表明，本文提出的全局优化算法与商业求解器具有同等水平，但是在计算速度上稍逊于启发式算法。

关键词：全局优化非线性汽油调合连续时间调合模型分段线性松弛

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A review on co-pyrolysis of coal and oil shale to produce coke

Xiangchun Liu, Ping Cui, Qiang Ling, Zhigang Zhao, Ruilun Xie

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 504-512 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1850-z

摘要： It has become the top priority for coking industry to rationally use and enlarge coking coal resources because of the shortage of the resources. This review focuses on the potential utilization of oil shale (OS) as a feedstock for coal-blending coking, in which the initial and basic step is pyrolysis. However, OS has a high ash content. If such OS is directly used for coal-blending coking, the coke product will not meet market demand. Therefore, this review firstly summarizes separation and beneficiation techniques for organic matter in OS, and provides an overview on coal and OS pyrolysis through several viewpoints (e.g., pyrolysis process, phenomena, and products). Then the exploratory studies on co-pyrolysis of coal with OS, including co-pyrolysis phenomena and process mechanism, are discussed. Finally, co-pyrolysis of different ranks of coals with OS in terms of coal-blending coking, where further research deserves to be performed, is suggested.

关键词： coal oil shale co-pyrolysis coal blending coking coke

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用于图像融合基于混合全加器和计数器的高效华莱士树型乘法器 Research Articles

Ayoub SADEGHI, Nabiollah SHIRI, Mahmood RAFIEE, Mahsa TAHGHIGH

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第6期页码 950-965 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100432

摘要：

提出一种新的基于计数器的华莱士树（CBW）8×8乘法器。乘法器的计数器使用基于传输门技术的新型混合全加器单元。所提全加器、基于传输门的与门和混合半加器生成M:3（4≤M≤7）数字计数器，能够节省至少50%的面积。通过90 nm技术仿真证明所提全加器和数字计数器在不同条件下均优于当前最先进设计。通过使用所提单元，CBW乘法器表现出高驱动、低功耗和高速性能。CBW乘法器在焊盘中的芯片面积为0.0147 mm2。后布局提取证明了实验的准确性。同时提出一种图像融合机制，其中MATLAB和HSPICE之间的直接接口用于在图像处理应用中评估所提CBW乘法器。峰值信噪比和结构相似性指数度量被用作图像质量参数，结果证实所提CBW乘法器可以替代文献中的设计。

关键词：全加器；传输门；计数器；乘法器；三维布局；图像融合

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标题作者时间类型操作

Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

期刊论文

Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

期刊论文

Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

期刊论文