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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 页码 365-377 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0521-z
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a betacoronavirus which can cause acute respiratory distress in humans and is associated with a relatively high mortality rate. Since it was first identified in a patient who died in a Jeddah hospital in 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1735 laboratory-confirmed cases from 27 countries, including 628 deaths. Most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV ancestors may be found in Old World bats of the Vespertilionidae family. After a proposed bat to camel switching event, transmission of MERS-CoV to humans is likely to have been the result of multiple zoonotic transfers from dromedary camels. Human-to-human transmission appears to require close contact with infected persons, with outbreaks mainly occurring in hospital environments. Outbreaks have been associated with inadequate infection prevention and control implementation, resulting in recommendations on basic and more advanced infection prevention and control measures by the World Health Organization, and issuing of government guidelines based on these recommendations in affected countries including Saudi Arabia. Evolutionary changes in the virus, particularly in the viral spike protein which mediates virus-host cell contact may potentially increase transmission of this virus. Efforts are on-going to identify specific evidence-based therapies or vaccines. The broad-spectrum antiviral nitazoxanide has been shown to have in vitro activity against MERS-CoV. Synthetic peptides and candidate vaccines based on regions of the spike protein have shown promise in rodent and non-human primate models. GLS-5300, a prophylactic DNA-plasmid vaccine encoding S protein, is the first MERS-CoV vaccine to be tested in humans, while monoclonal antibody, m336 has given promising results in animal models and has potential for use in outbreak situations.
关键词： MERS-CoV Saudi Arabia spike protein transmission evolution vaccine
From SARS to MERS: evidence and speculation
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 页码 377-382 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0466-7
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel zoonotic pathogen. In 2012, the infectious outbreak caused by MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia has spread to more than 1600 patients in 26 countries, resulting in over 600 deaths. Without a travel history, few clinical and radiological features can reliably differentiate MERS from SARS. But in real world, comparing with SARS, MERS presents more vaguely defined epidemiology, more severe symptoms, and higher case fatality rate. In this review, we summarize the recent findings in the field of MERS-CoV, especially its molecular virology, interspecies mechanisms, clinical features, antiviral therapies, and the further investigation into this disease. As a newly emerging virus, many questions are not fully answered, including the exact mode of transmission chain, geographical distribution, and animal origins. Furthermore, a new protocol needs to be launched to rapidly evaluate the effects of unproven antiviral drugs and vaccine to fasten the clinical application of new drugs.
关键词： middle east respiratory syndrome animal origin cross-species transmission monoclonal antibody
中东呼吸综合征病毒（MERS-CoV）蛋白的分子特征、功能及其致病性 Review
李艳华, 胡晨雨, 吴南屏, 姚航平, 李兰娟
《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第5期 页码 940-947 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.035
中东呼吸综合征（MERS）是由一种新型冠状病毒——中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）引起的病毒性呼吸道疾病，病死率高。然而，MERS-CoV感染人类的机制仍不清楚。进一步研究病毒的流行病学特征和发病机制，以及开发有效的抗MERS-CoV感染的治疗和预防性药物是十分必要的。为此，我们需要明确MERS-CoV各种蛋白的详细信息。在文中论述了MERS-CoV的主要结构蛋白和非结构蛋白，并总结了抑制MERS-CoV感染的各种潜在的策略。计算生物学和病毒学的结合可以促进抗MERS-CoV的有效肽治疗剂的设计和开发。总之，本文提供了遏制MERS进展（从预防到治疗）的重要信息。
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期 页码 120-136 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0430-6
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first identified in 2012 and has since then remained uncontrolled. Cases have been mostly reported in the Middle East, however travel-associated cases and outbreaks have also occurred. Nosocomial and zoonotic transmission of the virus appear to be the most important routes. The infection is severe and highly fatal thus necessitating rapid and efficacious interventions. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of published literature and summarized the epidemiology of the virus. In addition, we summarized the virological aspects of the infection and reviewed the animal models used as well as vaccination and antiviral tested against it.
关键词： MERS coronavirus review
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期 页码 111-119 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0446-y
The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 brought back memories of the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002. More than 1500 MERS-CoV cases were recorded in 42 months with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 40%. Meanwhile, 8000 cases of SARS-CoV were confirmed in six months with a CFR of 10%. The clinical presentation of MERS-CoV ranges from mild and non-specific presentation to progressive and severe pneumonia. No predictive signs or symptoms exist to differentiate MERS-CoV from community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients. An apparent heterogeneity was observed in transmission. Most MERS-CoV cases were secondary to large outbreaks in healthcare settings. These cases were secondary to community-acquired cases, which may also cause family outbreaks. Travel-associated MERS infection remains low. However, the virus exhibited a clear tendency to cause large outbreaks outside the Arabian Peninsula as exemplified by the outbreak in the Republic of Korea. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about MERS-CoV and highlight travel-related issues.
Human monoclonal antibodies as candidate therapeutics against emerging viruses
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 页码 462-470 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0596-6
The emergence of new pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Ebola virus, poses serious challenges to global public health and highlights the urgent need for novel antiviral approaches. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been successfully used to treat various diseases, particularly cancer and immunological disorders. Antigen-specific mAbs have been isolated using several different approaches, including hybridoma, transgenic mice, phage display, yeast display, and single B-cell isolation. Consequently, an increasing number of mAbs, which exhibit high potency against emerging viruses in vitro and in animal models of infection, have been developed. In this paper, we summarize historical trends and recent developments in mAb discovery, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to mAb production, and discuss the potential use of such strategies for the development of antivirals against emerging diseases. We also review the application of recently developed human mAbs against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Ebola virus and discuss prospects for the development of mAbs as therapeutic agents against emerging viral diseases.
关键词： human monoclonal antibodies emerging infectious diseases SARS-CoV MERS-CoV Ebola virus
Sarah H. Alfaraj, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Talal A. Altuwaijri, Ziad A. Memish
《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 页码 126-130 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0603-y
关键词： Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV pregnancy pediatrics
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns
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