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2003年SARS对中国交通客运量影响的后评价研究——基于本底趋势线全国28个省（市）自治区的分析与估算

孙根年,马丽君

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第6期页码 32-37

摘要：

2003年SARS是中国公众健康的“灾难”，交通旅客运输因此蒙受巨大损失。依据本底趋势线理论，对此次危机的交通客运量损失进行了定量估算。结果显示：2003年SARS共造成交通旅客损失10.07亿人次，其中，公路损失8.88亿人次，铁路损失1畅05亿人次，航空损失1611.7万人次，水运损失1943万人次；危机的生命周期从2003年4月开始，5～6月全面爆发，7～8月消减衰退，11～12月有一定的补偿；由于交通区位和SARS疫情的差异，全国28个省（市）自治区客运量损失可划分为4个等级，其中，广东、四川、河北3 省客运量损失超过1亿人次；以 28个省（市）自治区客运量损失与2003 年本底值、 SARS 确诊人数建立空间预报模型，结果显示，客运量本底值边际系数为０0.788 46 ，SARS 确诊人数边际系数为0.075

关键词： SARS危机本底趋势线客运量损失地域分布空间模型

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基于粗神经网络的企业财务危机预警方法

柳炳祥,盛昭翰

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第8期页码 58-62

摘要：

分析了评价财务危机的指标体系和财务危机等级的划分，论述了粗神经网络的结构和基本原理，叙述了基于粗神经网络的财务危机预警方法，并给出了一个基于粗神经网络的财务危机的预警实例。实验结果表明，该方法应用于财务危机预警中是有效的，为财务危机预警提供了一条新的研究思路和方法。

关键词：财务危机指标体系粗集神经网络预警

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SARS流行预测分析

王建锋

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第8期页码 23-29

摘要：

表面上突如其来的SARS本质上却有极规律的内在发展演化机制，遵从初始缓慢增长、加速、减速和稳定终止四个阶段总体道路，自然和社会生活领域众多事件演化都符合这一规律，因而可以运用广义的Logistic基于先期流行的广东SARS感染病例数据，以及尚未结束的北京、全国2003年SARS流行统计数据，借助于最优化分析技术，运用广义的Logistic生长模型对该事件演化特征参量进行了辨识；在此基础上，又借助于广义生长模型的特例研究表明，生长模型模拟结果均与实际数据有很好的一致性，可以用来预测事件的发生演化过程，此次SARS事件堪称生长模型的经典实例。

关键词： SARS 广义的Logistic生长模型 Gompertz分布预测最优化

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企业纷纷做出气候承诺——此举能否有效应对气候危机？

Ula Chrobak

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第8期页码 1044-1046 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.011

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SARS传染病数学建模及预测预防控制机理研究

刘云忠,宣慧玉,林国玺

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 60-65

摘要：

首先，利用疾病传播的一般规律及人口守恒统计法则建立了四类人的SARS传染病数学模型，然后运用数学方法对四类人的SARS传染病数学模型进行分析，得出了其生理意义和预防、控制机理。其次，利用人工神经网络理论建立了SARS的预测模型，以北京市的SARS数据为例进行了预测和分析，预测结果显示该模型简单易行，预测精度高。

关键词： SARS 稳定性轨线阈值定理人工神经网络

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SARS分析、预测、防治决策支持系统探讨

周星宇,张江,刘扬,谢砚青,张然,赵阳,洪岳华,贺仲雄

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第1期页码 69-75

摘要：

提出了一种防御SARS这样的突发疾病的智能决策支持系统。通过运用新的数据分析和决策支持理论，建立智能的决策支持系统，对现有的疫情进行数据噪声分析、灾变趋势预测以及提出科学决策。

关键词： SARS 噪声分析 FGR预测诊治匹配二次防御

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ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIOCIN AGAINST ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMITTABLE MUTATED SARS-COV-2: A SYSTEMATIC

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 603-622 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021397

摘要：

The COVID-19 infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in millions of people being infected and thousands of deaths globally since November 2019. To date, no unique therapeutic agent has been developed to slow the progression of this pandemic. Despite possessing antiviral traits the potential of bacteriocins to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been fully investigated. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which bacteriocins can be manipulated and implemented as effective virus entry blockers with infection suppression potential properties to highly transmissible viruses through comprehensive immune modulations that are potentially effective against COVID-19. These antimicrobial peptides have been suggested as effective antiviral therapeutics and therapeutic supplements to prevent rapid virus transmission. This review also provides a new insight into the cellular and molecular alterations which have made SARS-CoV-2 self-modified with diversified infection patterns. In addition, the possible applications of antimicrobial peptides through both natural and induced mechanisms in infection prevention perspectives on changeable virulence cases are comprehensively analyzed. Specific attention is given to the antiviral mechanisms of the molecules along with their integrative use with synthetic biology and nanosensor technology for rapid detection. Novel bacteriocin based therapeutics with cutting-edge technologies might be potential substitutes for existing time-consuming and expensive approaches to fight this newly emerged global threat.

关键词： antimicrobial proteins / antiviral profiling of bacteriocins / antiviral therapeutics / immunomodulation / nanosensor technology / mutated SARS-CoV-2

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受疫情影响的半导体供应链危机

Mitch Leslie

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 10-12 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.006

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得克萨斯州电力危机凸显其电网漏洞

Mitch Leslie

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第10期页码 1348-1350 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.007

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Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 816-819 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4

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Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants and B cell response after inactivated vaccination

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 747-757 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0954-x

摘要： Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have made COVID-19 convalescents susceptible to re-infection and have raised concern about the efficacy of inactivated vaccination in neutralization against emerging variants and antigen-specific B cell response. To this end, a study on a long-term cohort of 208 participants who have recovered from COVID-19 was conducted, and the participants were followed up at 3.3 (Visit 1), 9.2 (Visit 2), and 18.5 (Visit 3) months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. They were classified into three groups (no-vaccination (n = 54), one-dose (n = 62), and two-dose (n = 92) groups) on the basis of the administration of inactivated vaccination. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the wild-type virus continued to decrease in the no-vaccination group, but they rose significantly in the one-dose and two-dose groups, with the highest NAb titers being observed in the two-dose group at Visit 3. The NAb titers against the Delta variant for the no-vaccination, one-dose, and two-dose groups decreased by 3.3, 1.9, and 2.3 folds relative to the wild-type virus, respectively, and those against the Omicron variant decreased by 7.0, 4.0, and 3.8 folds, respectively. Similarly, the responses of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific B cells and memory B cells were boosted by the second vaccine dose. Results showed that the convalescents benefited from the administration of the inactivated vaccine (one or two doses), which enhanced neutralization against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants and memory B cell responses. Two doses of inactivated vaccine among COVID-19 convalescents are therefore recommended for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination guidelines and policies need to be updated.

关键词： COVID-19 convalescent SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination neutralizing antibody B cell response

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From SARS to MERS: evidence and speculation

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 377-382 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0466-7

摘要：

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel zoonotic pathogen. In 2012, the infectious outbreak caused by MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia has spread to more than 1600 patients in 26 countries, resulting in over 600 deaths. Without a travel history, few clinical and radiological features can reliably differentiate MERS from SARS. But in real world, comparing with SARS, MERS presents more vaguely defined epidemiology, more severe symptoms, and higher case fatality rate. In this review, we summarize the recent findings in the field of MERS-CoV, especially its molecular virology, interspecies mechanisms, clinical features, antiviral therapies, and the further investigation into this disease. As a newly emerging virus, many questions are not fully answered, including the exact mode of transmission chain, geographical distribution, and animal origins. Furthermore, a new protocol needs to be launched to rapidly evaluate the effects of unproven antiviral drugs and vaccine to fasten the clinical application of new drugs.

关键词： middle east respiratory syndrome animal origin cross-species transmission monoclonal antibody

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Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies present new prospects to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections

Rongtao Lai, Tianhui Zhou, Xiaogang Xiang, Jie Lu, Haiguang Xin, Qing Xie

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 644-648 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0847-4

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused global public health and economic crises. Thus, new therapeutic strategies and effective vaccines are urgently needed to cope with this severe pandemic. The development of a broadly neutralizing antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the attractive treatment strategies for COVID-19. Currently, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein is the main target of neutralizing antibodies when SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells through an interaction between the S protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expressed on various human cells. A single monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment is prone to selective pressure due to increased possibility of targeted epitope mutation, leading to viral escape. In addition, the antibody-dependent enhancement effect is a potential risk of enhancing the viral infection. These risks can be reduced using multiple mAbs that nonoverlapping epitopes. Thus, a cocktail therapy combining two or more antibodies that recognize different regions of the viral surface may be the most effective therapeutic strategy.

关键词： neutralizing antibody antibody cocktail SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 therapeutic strategy

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 185-195 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0913-y

摘要： The record speed at which Chinese scientists identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and shared its genomic sequence with the world, has greatly facilitated the development of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. It is unprecedented in pandemic control history to develop a dozen successful vaccines in the first year and to immunize over half of the global population in the second year, due to the efforts of the scientific community, biopharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies worldwide. The challenges are both great and multidimensional due to the rapid emergence of virus variants and waning of vaccine immunity. Vaccination strategies need to adapt to these challenges to keep population immunity above the herd immunity threshold, by increasing vaccine coverage, especially for older adults and young people, and providing timely booster doses with homologous or heterologous vaccine boosts. Further research should be undertaken to develop more effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and to understand the best prime-boost vaccine combinations and immunization strategies to provide sufficient and sustainable immune protection against COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemics SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

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SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 196-207 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0906-x

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2 variants have aroused great concern and are expected to continue spreading. Although many countries have promoted roll-out vaccination, the immune barrier has not yet been fully established, indicating that populations remain susceptible to infection. In this review, we summarize the literature on variants of concern and focus on the changes in their transmissibility, pathogenicity, and resistance to the immunity constructed by current vaccines. Furthermore, we analyzed relationships between variants and breakthrough infections, as well as the paradigm of new variants in countries with high vaccination rates. Terminating transmission, continuing to strengthen variant surveillance, and combining nonpharmaceutical intervention measures and vaccines are necessary to control these variants.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine immune escape breakthrough prevention