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Techno-economic analysis of the adoption of electric vehicles

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 538-550 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0048-x

摘要： Significant advances in battery technology are creating a viable marketspace for battery powered passenger vehicles. Climate change and concerns over reliable supplies of hydrocarbons are aiding in the focus on electric vehicles. Consumers can be influenced by marketing and emotion resulting in behaviors that may not be in line with their stated objectives. Although sales of electric vehicles are accelerating, it may not be clear that purchasing an electric vehicle is advantageous from an economic or environmental perspective. A techno- economic analysis of electric vehicles comparing them against hybrids, gasoline and diesel vehicles is presented. The results show that the complexity of electrical power supply, infrastructure requirements and full life cycle concerns show that electric vehicles have a place in the future but that ongoing improvements will be required for them to be clearly the best choice for a given situation.

关键词： BEV     battery powered electric vehicle     environmental impact of electric vehicles     techno-economic analysis     gasoline versus electric powered cars     diesel versus electric cars     consumer behaviour    

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Stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 40-44 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0108-z

摘要：

Adult stem cells are responsible for homeostasis and repair of many tissues. Endogenous adult stem cells reside in certain regions of organs, known as the stem cell niche, which is recognized to have an important role in regulating tissue maintenance and repair. In wound healing and tissue repair, stem cells are mobilized and recruited to the site of wound, and participate in the repair process. Many regulatory factors are involved in the stem cell-based repair process, including stem cell niches and endogenous wound electric fields, which are present at wound tissues and proved to be important in guiding wound healing. Here we briefly review the role of stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair, and hypothesize that endogenous electric fields become part of stem cell niche in the wound site.

关键词： stem cell     stem cell niche     electric field     tissue repair    

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Recent progress in electric-field assisted combustion: a brief review

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 883-899 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0770-z

摘要： The control of combustion is a hot and classical topic. Among the combustion technologies, electric-field assisted combustion is an advanced techno-logy that enjoys major advantages such as fast response and low power consumption compared with thermal power. However, its fundamental principle and impacts on the flames are complicated due to the coupling between physics, chemistry, and electromagnetics. In the last two decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand electric-field assisted combustion. New observations have been reported based on different combustion systems and improved diagnostics. The main impacts, including flame stabilization, emission reduction, and flame propagation, have been revealed by both simulative and experimental studies. These findings significantly facilitate the application of electric-field assisted combustion. This brief review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress of this combustion technology and further point out research opportunities worth investigation.

关键词： electric field     combustion     flame stabilization     emission reduction     flame propagation    

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Design and characteristics of electric supercharger for diesel engine acceleration by additional rapid

YAO Chun-de, ZHOU Hong-xiu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年 第1卷 第4期   页码 409-412 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0048-5

摘要： The ES (electric supercharger) driven by a high-speed brushless motor was developed to solve the problem of smoke caused by the turbocharger s sluggish response during acceleration. Its rotation speed was from 6 000 r/min to 24 000 r/min, and the maximum flux was 0.1 kg/s. The structural design of the electric supercharger is novel, which makes it easier to set the lubricating installation and to assemble. The velocity distribution at the outlet of the electric supercharger is determined by hot-wire anemometry under various rotation speeds in steady state. Furthermore, the trends of the flux and charge rate with various speeds were analyzed. In addition, the transient response was detected from the motor setup to smooth running within 10 s, 15 s, 20 s and 25 s respectively, and the characteristic of the transient flux is under pilot study. Research results indicate that the electric supercharger can respond rapidly with the great flux, and it is independent of the operating conditions of a diesel engine. Therefore, it is a feasible way to reduce smoke emission and improve the acceleration performance.

关键词： acceleration     velocity distribution     high-speed brushless     turbocharger     electric supercharger    

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Lightweight design of an electric bus body structure with analytical target cascading

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0718-y

摘要： Lightweight designs of new-energy vehicles can reduce energy consumption, thereby improving driving mileage. In this study, a lightweight design of a newly developed multi-material electric bus body structure is examined in combination with analytical target cascading (ATC). By proposing an ATC-based two-level optimization strategy, the original lightweight design problem is decomposed into the system level and three subsystem levels. The system-level optimization model is related to mass minimization with all the structural modal frequency constraints, while each subsystem-level optimization model is related to the sub-structural performance objective with sub-structure mass constraints. To enhance the interaction between two-level systems, each subsystem-level objective is reformulated as a penalty-based function coordinated with the system-level objective. To guarantee the accuracy of the model-based analysis, a finite element model is validated through experimental modal test. A sequential quadratic programming algorithm is used to address the defined optimization problem for effective convergence. Compared with the initial design, the total mass is reduced by 49 kg, and the torsional stiffness is increased by 17.5%. In addition, the obtained design is also validated through strength analysis.

关键词： electric vehicle     body in white (BIW)     lightweight     analytical target cascading (ATC)    

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Influence of direct electric current on wetting behavior during brazing

Kirsten BOBZIN, Wolfgang WIETHEGER, Julian HEBING, Lidong ZHAO, Alexander SCHMIDT, Riza ISKANDAR, Joachim MAYER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第15卷 第3期   页码 496-503 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0582-6

摘要： The wetting behavior of liquid metals is of great importance for many processes. For brazing, however, a targeted modification beyond the adjustment of conventional process parameters or the actual set-up was not possible in the past. Therefore, the effect of direct electric current along the surface of a steel substrate on the wetting behavior and the formation of the spreading pattern of an industrial nickel-based filler metal was investigated at a temperature above = 1000 °C in a vacuum brazing furnace. By applying direct current up to = 60 A the wetted surface area could be increased and the spreading of the molten filler metal could be controlled in dependence of the polarity of the electric current. The electric component of the Lorentz force is supposed to be feasible reasons for the observed dependence of the electrical polarity on the filler metal spreading direction. To evaluate the influence of the electric current on the phase formation subsequent selective electron microscope analyses of the spreading pattern were carried out.

关键词： brazing     electric current assisted wetting     Lorentz force    

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Cumulant-based correlated probabilistic load flow considering photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle

Nitesh Ganesh BHAT, B. Rajanarayan PRUSTY, Debashisha JENA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 184-196 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0465-7

摘要： This paper applies a cumulant-based analytical method for probabilistic load flow (PLF) assessment in transmission and distribution systems. The uncertainties pertaining to photovoltaic generations and aggregate bus load powers are probabilistically modeled in the case of transmission systems. In the case of distribution systems, the uncertainties pertaining to plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and battery electric vehicle charging demands in residential community as well as charging stations are probabilistically modeled. The probability distributions of the result variables (bus voltages and branch power flows) pertaining to these inputs are accurately established. The multiple input correlation cases are incorporated. Simultaneously, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on a modified Ward-Hale 6-bus system and an IEEE 14-bus transmission system as well as on a modified IEEE 69-bus radial and an IEEE 33-bus mesh distribution system. The results of the proposed method are compared with that of Monte-Carlo simulation.

关键词： battery electric vehicle     extended cumulant method     photovoltaic generation     plug-in hybrid electric vehicle     probabilistic load flow    

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Effect of harmonic distortion on electric energy meters of different metrological principles

Illia DIAHOVCHENKO, Vitalii VOLOKHIN, Victoria KUROCHKINA, Michal ŠPES, Michal KOSTEREC

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 377-385 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0571-1

摘要： This paper deals with the errors of electric energy metering devices as a result of distortions in the shape of the curves of voltage and current load. It is shown and proved that the errors in energy measurements depend on the design and the algorithms used in electricity meters. There are three main types of metering devises having different principles: inductive (electro-mechanical), electronic static, and digital electronic (microprocessor). Each of these types has its measuring features. Some devices take into account all the harmonic distortions and the constant component which occur in the network while others measure the power and energy values of the fundamental harmonic only. Such traits lead to the discrepancies in the readings of commercial electric energy meters of different types. Hence, the violations in the measurement system unity occur, and a significant error can be observed in the balance of transmitted/consumed electric energy.

关键词： current     distortion     electric energy meter     harmonics     power quality    

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Power control of dual-motor electric drive for tracked vehicles

Yuan ZOU, Chengning ZHANG, Fengchun SUN, Jingbo WU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第1期   页码 67-72 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0059-0

摘要： The fundamental problem of the power control for the driving of a dual-motor drive electric tracked vehicle is analyzed. The tracked vehicle and its electric drive system are mathematically modeled. Power control schemes of the dual-motor drive system is put forward, designed, and analyzed, including the distributed control system and the two control schemes speed-regulation and torque-regulation. The field experiment shows that the two types of drive control schemes realize the driving function of the vehicle feasibly and effectively. Obviously the comprehensive controller and two motors’ controllers are closely coupled in the “speed-regulation” control scheme, in which they must coordinate very well to guarantee the control. Contrastingly, in the “torque-regulation” control scheme, the comprehensive controller and two motors’ controller are not dependent closely when the accuracy and response of the torque controlling is guaranteed. The latter is simpler and more practical than the former.

关键词： control     electric drive     tracked vehicle    

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Sizing of hybrid PMSG-PV system for battery charging of electric vehicles

M. M. RAJAN SINGARAVEL,S. ARUL DANIEL

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 68-74 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0349-7

摘要： The number of electric vehicles are increasing in the society as they are considered as zero emission vehicles and also because conventional fuels are becoming expensive. Additional electrical power should be produced to meet the energy requirement of this increase in electric vehicle population. To use the existing grid infrastructure without any failure, installing distributed generator at secondary distribution network is essential. In this work, sizing of wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator—photovoltaic hybrid distributed generating system has been attempted to meet the energy demand of electric vehicles of a particular residential area. Different feasible combinations for wind generator capacity and photovoltaic capacity are obtained to satisfy the additional energy requirement. Results are analyzed based on energy, financial payback periods and daily power profile of the hybrid system. Based on this analysis, the sizes of wind generator and photovoltaic array have been chosen to meet the energy demand of electric vehicles of that particular residential locality.

关键词： electric vehicles     hybrid PMSG-PV system     smart grid    

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Evaluation of regenerative braking based on single-pedal control for electric vehicles

Wei LIU, Xintian LIU, Yansong WANG, Hongzhong QI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第15卷 第1期   页码 166-179 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0546-x

摘要： More than 25% of vehicle kinetic energy can be recycled under urban driving cycles. A single-pedal control strategy for regenerative braking is proposed to further enhance energy efficiency. Acceleration and deceleration are controlled by a single pedal, which alleviates driving intensity and prompts energy recovery. Regenerative braking is theoretically analyzed based on the construction of the single-pedal system, vehicle braking dynamics, and energy conservation law. The single-pedal control strategy is developed by considering daily driving conditions, and a single-pedal simulation model is established. Typical driving cycles are simulated to verify the effectiveness of the single-pedal control strategy. A dynamometer test is conducted to confirm the validity of the simulation model. Results show that using the single-pedal control strategy for electric vehicles can effectively improve the energy recovery rate and extend the driving range under the premise of ensuring safety while braking. The study lays a technical foundation for the optimization of regenerative braking systems and development of single-pedal control systems, which are conducive to the promotion and popularization of electric vehicles.

关键词： electric vehicle     single-pedal control     regenerative braking     co-simulation     dynamometer test    

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Toward autonomous mining: design and development of an unmanned electric shovel via point cloud-based

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0686-2

摘要： With the proposal of intelligent mines, unmanned mining has become a research hotspot in recent years. In the field of autonomous excavation, environmental perception and excavation trajectory planning are two key issues because they have considerable influences on operation performance. In this study, an unmanned electric shovel (UES) is developed, and key robotization processes consisting of environment modeling and optimal excavation trajectory planning are presented. Initially, the point cloud of the material surface is collected and reconstructed by polynomial response surface (PRS) method. Then, by establishing the dynamical model of the UES, a point to point (PTP) excavation trajectory planning method is developed to improve both the mining efficiency and fill factor and to reduce the energy consumption. Based on optimal trajectory command, the UES performs autonomous excavation. The experimental results show that the proposed surface reconstruction method can accurately represent the material surface. On the basis of reconstructed surface, the PTP trajectory planning method rapidly obtains a reasonable mining trajectory with high fill factor and mining efficiency. Compared with the common excavation trajectory planning approaches, the proposed method tends to be more capable in terms of mining time and energy consumption, ensuring high-performance excavation of the UES in practical mining environment.

关键词： autonomous excavation     unmanned electric shovel     point cloud     excavation trajectory planning    

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A review on the electric vehicle routing problems: Variants and algorithms

Hu QIN , Xinxin SU, Teng REN, Zhixing LUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 370-389 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0157-1

摘要： Over the past decade, electric vehicles (EVs) have been considered in a growing number of models and methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs). This study presents a comprehensive survey of EV routing problems and their many variants. We only consider the problems in which each vehicle may visit multiple vertices and be recharged during the trip. The related literature can be roughly divided into nine classes: Electric traveling salesman problem, green VRP, electric VRP, mixed electric VRP, electric location routing problem, hybrid electric VRP, electric dial-a-ride problem, electric two-echelon VRP, and electric pickup and delivery problem. For each of these nine classes, we focus on reviewing the settings of problem variants and the algorithms used to obtain their solutions.

关键词： electric vehicles     routing     recharging stations     exact algorithms     metaheuristics    

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Coordinated shift control of nonsynchronizer transmission for electric vehicles based on dynamic tooth

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第4期   页码 887-900 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0653-3

摘要： Multispeed transmissions can enhance the dynamics and economic performance of electric vehicles (EVs), but the coordinated control of the drive motor and gear shift mechanism during gear shifting is still a difficult challenge because gear shifting may cause discomfort to the occupants. To improve the swiftness of gear shifting, this paper proposes a coordinated shift control method based on the dynamic tooth alignment (DTA) algorithm for nonsynchronizer automated mechanical transmissions (NSAMTs) of EVs. After the speed difference between the sleeve (SL) and target dog gear is reduced to a certain value by speed synchronization, angle synchronization is adopted to synchronize the SL quickly to the target tooth slot’s angular position predicted by the DTA. A two-speed planetary NSAMT is taken as an example to carry out comparative simulations and bench experiments. Results show that gear shifting duration and maximum jerk are reduced under the shift control with the proposed method, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated shift control method with DTA.

关键词： electric vehicle     nonsynchronizer automated mechanical transmission (NSAMT)     planetary gear     coordinated shift control     dynamic tooth alignment    

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Modeling and optimization of an enhanced battery thermal management system in electric vehicles

Mao LI, Yuanzhi LIU, Xiaobang WANG, Jie ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第14卷 第1期   页码 65-75 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0520-z

摘要： This paper models and optimizes an air-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) in a battery module with 36 battery lithium-ion cells. A design of experiments is performed to study the effects of three key parameters (i.e., mass flow rate of cooling air, heat flux from the battery cell to the cooling air, and passage spacing size) on the battery thermal performance. Three metrics are used to evaluate the BTMS thermal performance, including (i) the maximum temperature in the battery module, (ii) the temperature uniformity in the battery module, and (iii) the pressure drop. It is found that (i) increasing the total mass flow rate may result in a more non-uniform distribution of the passage mass flow rate among passages, and (ii) a large passage spacing size may worsen the temperature uniformity on the battery walls. Optimization is also performed to optimize the passage spacing size. Results show that the maximum temperature difference of the cooling air in passages is reduced from 23.9 to 2.1 K by 91.2%, and the maximum temperature difference among the battery cells is reduced from 25.7 to 6.4 K by 75.1%.

关键词： thermal management     electric vehicle     lithium-ion battery     temperature uniformity     design optimization    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Techno-economic analysis of the adoption of electric vehicles

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

期刊论文

Stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair

null

期刊论文

Recent progress in electric-field assisted combustion: a brief review

期刊论文

Design and characteristics of electric supercharger for diesel engine acceleration by additional rapid

YAO Chun-de, ZHOU Hong-xiu

期刊论文

Lightweight design of an electric bus body structure with analytical target cascading

期刊论文

Influence of direct electric current on wetting behavior during brazing

Kirsten BOBZIN, Wolfgang WIETHEGER, Julian HEBING, Lidong ZHAO, Alexander SCHMIDT, Riza ISKANDAR, Joachim MAYER

期刊论文

Cumulant-based correlated probabilistic load flow considering photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle

Nitesh Ganesh BHAT, B. Rajanarayan PRUSTY, Debashisha JENA

期刊论文

Effect of harmonic distortion on electric energy meters of different metrological principles

Illia DIAHOVCHENKO, Vitalii VOLOKHIN, Victoria KUROCHKINA, Michal ŠPES, Michal KOSTEREC

期刊论文

Power control of dual-motor electric drive for tracked vehicles

Yuan ZOU, Chengning ZHANG, Fengchun SUN, Jingbo WU,

期刊论文

Sizing of hybrid PMSG-PV system for battery charging of electric vehicles

M. M. RAJAN SINGARAVEL,S. ARUL DANIEL

期刊论文

Evaluation of regenerative braking based on single-pedal control for electric vehicles

Wei LIU, Xintian LIU, Yansong WANG, Hongzhong QI

期刊论文

Toward autonomous mining: design and development of an unmanned electric shovel via point cloud-based

期刊论文

A review on the electric vehicle routing problems: Variants and algorithms

Hu QIN , Xinxin SU, Teng REN, Zhixing LUO

期刊论文

Coordinated shift control of nonsynchronizer transmission for electric vehicles based on dynamic tooth

期刊论文

Modeling and optimization of an enhanced battery thermal management system in electric vehicles

Mao LI, Yuanzhi LIU, Xiaobang WANG, Jie ZHANG

期刊论文