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2-羟基丁酸 1

DHA 和 sn-2 DHA 1

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肥胖 1

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Gender differences in the relationship between plasma lipids and fasting plasma glucose in non-diabetic

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 477-483 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0346-y

摘要：

The association between dyslipidemia and elevated fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes is well known. In non-diabetes, whether this association still exists, and whether dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels are not clear. This cross-sectional study recruited 3460 non-diabetic Chinese subjects (1027 men, and 2433 women, aged 35–75 years old) who participated in a health survey. Men and women were classified into tertiles by levels of plasma lipids respectively. In women, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was decreased with increased HDL-C. A stepwise increase in HDL-C was associated with decreasing FPG levels (lowest tertiles, FPG: 5.376±0.018; middle tertiles, 5.324±0.018; highest tertiles, 5.276±0.018 mmol/L; P=0.001). Reversely, FPG levels increased from lowest tertiles to highest tertiles of LDL-C, TC, and TG. we found that women in the first tertile with lower HDL-C level had a 1.75-fold increase in risk of IFG compared with non-diabetic women in the third tertile with higher HDL-C level (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.20--2.56). In men, no significant association was found. We took age, BMI, waist/hip ratio, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical exercise as adjusted variables. In Chinese non-diabetic women, dyslipidemia is independently associated with high levels of FPG; TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C are predictors of IFG independent of BMI and waist/hip ratio.

关键词： dyslipidemia plasma lipids plasma fasting glucose impaired fasting glucose non-diabetes

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The role of lipids in fermentative propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipid and food waste

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1686-0

摘要：

● Lipid can promote PA production on a target from food waste.

关键词： Acidogenic fermentation Microbial community Volatile fatty acid Propionate Food waste Lipid

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Technologies for extracting lipids from oleaginous microorganisms for biodiesel production

Cunwen WANG, Lu CHEN, Bajpai RAKESH, Yuanhang QIN, Renliang LV

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 266-274 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0193-y

摘要： Recently, biodiesel has received much more attention. Soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and corn oil are primary feedstock for biodiesel production. However, biodiesel production from these traditional oil-rich crops is limited by land availability, climate, and environmental and social issues regarding the use of feed and food crops for fuel. Oleaginous microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, yeast and fungi can be cultivated with high lipid contents and used as promising feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the high cost of biodiesel production using oil microorganisms has been the biggest obstacle for its industrialization. The process of biodiesel production from microorganisms involves many steps, of which the lipids extraction is the most important and costly. Therefore, searching for an effective and economical extraction system is critical. Various approaches of lipids extraction are discussed in this review, including traditional extraction procedures such as solvent extraction, pressing and solvent integrated extraction, as well as some new procedures.

关键词： oleaginous microorganisms biodiesel solvent extraction ultrasound-assisted extraction microwave-assisted extraction supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)

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我国人群血脂水平现状及其对策

陈灏珠,金雪娟

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第11期页码 1-6

摘要：

回顾分析50年来我国健康人群血脂水平的变化，结果显示血总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）随年龄而增高,50岁以前男女间无差别,50岁以后女性高于男性,城市居民高于农村居民；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）随年龄的变化不明显,男性低于女性；血TC、TG和LDL-C随年代而增高,20世纪90年代末达最高峰,而HDL-C则下降；血TC高于正常者（＞200～220 mg/dL）男性占17.8 %～54.9 %,女性占14.9 %～53.4 %，也随年代而增多；血脂水平的变化与饮食结构转变为低碳水化合物、高脂肪、高胆固醇有关。对策:恢复健康的饮食习惯,摄取平衡饮食；建立良好生活习惯，减少其他心血管病危险因素,特别建议进行体育锻炼；已有血脂异常,经饮食调节和体育锻炼3个月以上仍未见好转者,宜接受调脂药物治疗。

关键词：血脂流行病学预防

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Effects of cultivation strategies on the cultivation of Chlorella sp. HQ in photoreactors

Xiaoya Liu, Yu Hong, Peirui Liu, Jingjing Zhan, Ran Yan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1162-z

摘要： Heterotrophic cultivation caused high level of ROS and high lipids accumulation. HMTC is the best culture strategy for improving the microalgal biomass. Chlorella sp. HQ had great nutrient removal capacity under five culture strategies. The effects of cultivation strategies (including autotrophic cultivation (AC), heterotrophic cultivation (HC), fed-batch cultivation (FC), heterotrophic+ autotrophic two-stage cultivation (HATC), and heterotrophic+ mixotrophic two-stage cultivation (HMTC)) on the growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ and its total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal in secondary effluent were investigated in column photoreactors. The results showed that the TN and TP removal rates ranged between 93.72%–95.82% and 92.73%–100%, respectively, under the five different strategies. The microalgal growth potential evaluated by the maximal growth rate (Rmax) was in the order of HMTC>HC>FC>AC>HATC. The values of biomass, total lipid yield, triacylglycerols (TAGs) yield, and total lipid content of the microalga cultivated in the last 5 d increased significantly, but the TAGs productivities of the five strategies were lower than those in the first 7 d. Compared with all the other cultivation strategies, the TAGs productivity and yield after 12 d of cultivation under the heterotrophic condition reached the highest values accompanying the highest level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which the TAGs yield reached 40.81 mg/L at the end of the cultivation period. The peaks in TAGs yield and ROS level suggested that HC was beneficial for lipids accumulation via regulating the cellular redox status and exerting ROS stress on microalgal cells. In summary, HMTC was the best cultivation strategy for improving the microalgal biomass and HC was the best strategy for microalgal TAGs accumulation to produce biodiesel.

关键词： Chlorella sp. HQ Cultivation strategy lipids Nitrogen removal Phosphorus removal Reactive oxygen species

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富含sn-2 DHA脂质对大脑的益处及其酶法合成综述 Review

金俊, 金青哲, 王兴国, Casimir C. Akoh

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第4期页码 424-431 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.009

摘要：

大脑中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA, ω-3脂肪酸）的含量与中枢神经系统的正常发育和功能维持高度相关。甘油酯sn-2位上的DHA可以被肠黏膜更好地吸收，从而实现机体对DHA的高效利用。然而，如今人们在饮食中摄入较多的饱和脂肪或富含ω-6脂肪酸的油脂，而摄入较少的DHA，从而导致了部分个体在行为和神经生理学方面的缺陷。为了全面了解DHA对大脑的有益功能，本文系统介绍了天然油脂甘油骨架上DHA的位置分布（sn-2和sn-1,3位）特征，并讨论了DHA补充和通过肠-脑轴传递信息的潜在功能机制。肠-脑轴包含的多条双向信息通道为DHA、肠道菌群和大脑健康的相互作用提供了新的研究思路。为了在日常饮食中摄入更多的sn-2 DHA，我们建议通过更为高效和经济的酯交换制造技术生产富含sn-2 DHA脂质，其中需要解决的关键技术包括强化酶的特异性和优化纯化工艺。这类饮食可满足对sn-2 ω-3脂质有强烈需求的人群，特别是婴儿、儿童、孕妇和哺乳期妇女。

关键词： DHA 和 sn-2 DHA 单甘酯大脑肠-脑轴结构脂质

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功能代谢组学揭示黄芪多糖通过2-羟基丁酸改善肥胖小鼠的脂质代谢 Article

李冰冰, 洪颖, 顾彧, 叶圣洁, 胡凯莉, 姚建, 丁侃, 赵爱华, 贾伟, 李后开

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 111-122 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.023

摘要：

多糖广泛存在于草本植物中，具有多种活性，特别是具有免疫调节作用和改善代谢紊乱的作用。然而，其潜在机制还没有被很好地诠释。功能代谢组学越来越多地被用于通过鉴定具有特定功能的代谢产物来研究多糖对宿主的系统性影响。本研究采用功能代谢组学策略，探讨黄芪多糖（Astragalus polysaccharide, APS）代谢获益的潜在机制。在为期8 周的高脂肪饮食（high-fat diet, HFD）喂养的肥胖小鼠中测定了APS的作用。然后，进行基于气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, GC-TOFMS）的非靶向代谢组学分析血清和肝组织，并进行基于液相色谱- 串联质谱（liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS）的靶向代谢组学分析。使用体外和体内代谢紊乱模型测试了代谢产物的潜在功能。我们的结果首次证实了APS对肥胖小鼠的代谢益处。然后，代谢组学分析显示，补充APS 可逆转HFD 诱导的代谢变化，并确定2-羟基丁酸（2-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-HB）是APS活性的潜在功能性代谢产物，该代谢物被HFD显著降低，并被APS逆转。进一步研究表明，2-HB可抑制油酸（oleic acid, OA）诱导的甘油三酯（triglyceride, TG）累积。还发现其可刺激肝细胞中脂质降解蛋白的表达和3T3-L1 细胞中的TG脂解。此外，在高脂肪和高蔗糖（high-fat and high-sucrose, HFHS）喂养的小鼠中发现2-HB可降低血清TG并调节参与脂质降解的蛋白质。总之，我们的研究表明，APS的代谢
益处至少部分归因于2-HB 的产生，2-HB 在体外和体内均可调节脂质代谢。我们的结果同样证实，功能代谢组学在研究植物多糖系统益处的潜在机制方面是切实可行的。

关键词：黄芪多糖功能代谢组学 2-羟基丁酸肥胖