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Fabricating sustainable lignin-derived porous carbon as electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1065-1074 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2313-0

摘要： Lignocellulosic biomass such as plants and agricultural waste are ideal to tackle the current energy crisis and energy-related environmental issues. Carbon-rich lignin is abundant in lignocellulosic biomass, whose high-value transformation and utilization has been the most urgent problem to be solved. Herein, we propose a method for the preparation of porous carbon from lignin employing an H3PO4-assisted hydrothermal method. We characterize the as-prepared lignin-derived porous carbon and investigate its potential for energy storage. After assisted hydrothermal treatment followed by carbonization at 800 °C, the lignin-derived porous carbon displays a high specific capacitance (223.6 F·g–1 at 0.1 A·g–1) and excellent cycling ability with good capacitance retention. In this present study, the resultant lignin-derived porous carbon was used as the electrode of a supercapacitor, illustrating yet another potential high-value use for lignin, namely as a candidate for the sustainable fabrication of main supercapacitor components.

关键词： lignin     porous carbon     electrode     supercapacitor    

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Optimized porous clay heterostructure for removal of acetaldehyde and toluene from indoor air

Pu ZHAO,Lizhong ZHU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 219-228 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0760-z

摘要： Adsorption is the most widely used technology for the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, existing adsorbent-based technologies are inadequate to meet the regulatory requirement, due to their limited adsorption capacity and efficiency, especially under high relative humidity (RH) conditions. In this study, a series of new porous clay heterostructure (PCH) adsorbents with various ratios of micropores to mesopores were synthesized, characterized and tested for the adsorption of acetaldehyde and toluene. Two of them, PCH25 and PCH50, exhibited markedly improved adsorption capability, especially for hydrophilic acetaldehyde. The improved adsorption was attributed to their large micropore areas and high micropore-to-mesopore volume ratios. The amount of acetaldehyde adsorbed onto PCH25 at equilibrium reached 62.7 mg·g , eight times as much as the amount adsorbed onto conventional activated carbon (AC). Even at a high RH of 80%, PCH25 removed seven and four times more of the acetaldehyde than AC and the unmodified raw PCHs did, respectively. This new PCH optimized for their high adsorption and resistance to humidity has promising applications as a cost-effective adsorbent for indoor air purification.

关键词： porous clay heterostructure     volatile organic compounds     adsorption     adsorbent     indoor air    

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Maximum entropy based finite element analysis of porous media

Emad NOROUZI, Hesam MOSLEMZADEH, Soheil MOHAMMADI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 364-379 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0470-x

摘要： The maximum entropy theory has been used in a wide variety of physical, mathematical and engineering applications in the past few years. However, its application in numerical methods, especially in developing new shape functions, has attracted much interest in recent years. These shape functions possess the potential for performing better than the conventional basis functions in problems with randomly generated coarse meshes. In this paper, the maximum entropy theory is adopted to spatially discretize the deformation variable of the governing coupled equations of porous media. This is in line with the well-known fact that higher-order shape functions can provide more stable solutions in porous problems. Some of the benchmark problems in deformable porous media are solved with the developed approach and the results are compared with available references.

关键词： maximum entropy FEM     fully coupled multi-phase system     porous media    

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S-enriched porous polymer derived N-doped porous carbons for electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Chao Zhang, Chenbao Lu, Shuai Bi, Yang Hou, Fan Zhang, Ming Cai, Yafei He, Silvia Paasch, Xinliang Feng, Eike Brunner, Xiaodong Zhuang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 346-357 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1727-6

摘要：

Porous polymers have been recently recognized as one of the most important precursors for fabrication of heteroatom-doped porous carbons due to the intrinsic porous structure, easy available heteroatom-containing monomers and versatile polymerization methods. However, the heteroatom elements in as-produced porous carbons are quite relied on monomers. So far, the manipulating of heteroatom in porous polymer derived porous carbons are still very rare and challenge. In this work, a sulfur-enriched porous polymer, which was prepared from a diacetylene-linked porous polymer, was used as precursor to prepare S-doped and/or N-doped porous carbons under nitrogen and/or ammonia atmospheres. Remarkably, S content can sharply decrease from 36.3% to 0.05% after ammonia treatment. The N content and specific surface area of as-fabricated porous carbons can reach up to 1.32% and 1508 m2·g−1, respectively. As the electrode materials for electrical double-layer capacitors, as-fabricated porous carbons exhibit high specific capacitance of up to 431.6 F·g−1 at 5 mV·s−1 and excellent cycling stability of 99.74% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles at 100 mV·s−1. Furthermore, as the electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction, as-fabricated porous carbons presented ultralow half-wave-potential of 0.78 V versus RHE. This work not only offers a new strategy for manipulating S and N doping features for the porous carbons derived from S-containing porous polymers, but also paves the way for the structure-performance interrelationship study of heteroatoms co-doped porous carbon for energy applications.

关键词： porous polymers     porous carbons     sulfur and nitrogen doping     supercapacitor    

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Hierarchically porous materials: Synthesis strategies and emerging applications

Minghui Sun, Chen Chen, Lihua Chen, Baolian Su

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 301-347 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1578-y

摘要： Great interests have arisen over the last decade in the development of hierarchically porous materials. The hierarchical structure enables materials to have maximum structural functions owing to enhanced accessibility and mass transport properties, leading to improved performances in various applications. Hierarchical porous materials are in high demand for applications in catalysis, adsorption, separation, energy and biochemistry. In the present review, recent advances in synthesis routes to hierarchically porous materials are reviewed together with their catalytic contributions.

关键词： hierarchically porous materials     synthesis     application    

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Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon derived from sodium alginate enhanced capacitive deionization

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2014-2024 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2346-4

摘要： Capacitive deionization can alleviate water shortage and water environmental pollution, but performances are greatly determined by the electrochemical and desalination properties of its electrode materials. In this work, B and N co-doped porous carbon with micro-mesoporous structures is derived from sodium alginate by a carbonization, activation, and hydrothermal doping process, which exhibits large specific surface area (2587 m2·g‒1) and high specific capacitance (190.7 F·g‒1) for adsorption of salt ions and heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the materials provide a desalination capacity of 26.9 mg·g−1 at 1.2 V in 500 mg·L‒1 NaCl solution as well as a high removal capacity (239.6 mg·g‒1) and adsorption rate (7.99 mg·g‒1·min‒1) for Pb2+ with an excellent cycle stability. This work can pave the way to design low-cost porous carbon with high-performances for removal of salt ions and heavy metal ions.

关键词： capacitance deionization     porous carbon     B/N co-doping     heavy metal ions     water purification    

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The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2127-2143 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2363-3

摘要： Foam trays with porous submerged orifices endow bubbles uniformly distributed, which are considered attractive column internals to enhance the gas-liquid mass transfer process. However, its irregular orifice and complex gas-liquid flow make it lack pore-scale investigations concerning the transfer mechanism of dynamic bubbling. In this work, the actual porous structure of the foam tray is obtained based on micro computed tomography technology. The shape, dynamic, and mass transfer of rising bubbles at porous orifices are investigated using the volume of fluid and continue surface force model. The results demonstrate that the liquid encroaching on the gas channels causes the increasing orifices velocity, which makes the trailing bubble easily detach from the midst of the leading bubble and causes pairing coalescence. Additionally, we found that the central breakup regimes significantly improve the gas-liquid interface area and mass transfer efficiency. This discovery exemplifies the mechanism of mass transfer intensification for foam trays and serves to promote its further development.

关键词： bubble formation     porous submerged orifices     process intensification     foam tray    

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An investigation on prevalent strategies for XFEM-based numerical modeling of crack growth in porous

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 914-936 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0750-8

摘要： Crack growth modeling has always been one of the major challenges in fracture mechanics. Among all numerical methods, the extended finite element method (XFEM) has recently attracted much attention due to its ability to estimate the discontinuous deformation field. However, XFEM modeling does not directly lead to reliable results, and choosing a strategy of implementation is inevitable, especially in porous media. In this study, two prevalent XFEM strategies are evaluated: a) applying reduced Young’s modulus to pores and b) using different partitions to the model and enriching each part individually. We mention the advantages and limitations of each strategy via both analytical and experimental validations. Finally, the crack growth is modeled in a natural porous media (Fontainebleau sandstone). Our investigations proved that although both strategies can identically predict the stress distribution in the sample, the first strategy simulates only the initial crack propagation, while the second strategy could model multiple cracks growths. Both strategies are reliable and highly accurate in calculating the stress intensity factor, but the second strategy can compute a more reliable reaction force. Experimental tests showed that the second strategy is a more accurate strategy in predicting the preferred crack growth path and determining the maximum strength of the sample.

关键词： numerical modeling     extended finite element method     porous media     crack growth     stress intensity factor    

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Electrodeposited porous Pb electrode with improved electrocatalytic performance for the electroreduction

Jing WANG, Hua WANG, Zhenzhen HAN, Jinyu HAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 57-63 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1444-8

摘要： A porous Pb foam was fabricated electrochemically at a copper substrate and then used as the cathode for the electroreduction of CO . The surface morphology and composition of the porous Pb electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The honeycomb-like porous structure was composed of needle-like Pb deposits. Cyclic voltammetry studies demonstrated that the porous Pb electrode had better electrocatalytic performance for the formation of formic acid from CO compared with a Pb plate electrode. The increase in current density was due to the large surface area of the porous Pb electrode, which provides more active sites on the electrode surface. The improved formic acid selectivity was due to the morphology of the roughened surface, which contains significantly more low-coordination sites which are more active for CO reduction. The highest current efficiency for formic acid was 96.8% at -1.7 V versus saturated calomel electrode at 5 °C. This porous Pb electrode with good catalytic abilities represents a new 3D porous material with applications for the electroreduction of CO .

关键词： electrodeposited porous Pb     carbon dioxide     electroreduction     formic acid    

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Permeability analysis and seepage process study on crystal layer in melt crystallization with fractal and porous

Xiaobin JIANG, Baohong HOU, Yongli WANG, Jingkang WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 435-441 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1139-3

摘要： In this paper a porous media seepage model was applied to analyze the permeability and study the seepage process of crystal pillar formed in the preparation of electronic grade phosphoric acid (EGPA). By inspecting the seeping process, the structure parameter of crystal pillar could be obtained. Two basic ideal models (perfectly separated model and perfectly connected model) were presented and a characterized factor was introduced to modify the model. A good simulation result was obtained which met the experiment result well. The relationship between and permeability were also discussed. The characterized factor showed potential application on optimizing process.

关键词： melt crystallization     porous media     fractal     permeability     hyperpure material     simulation    

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Heat transfer of phase change materials (PCMs) in porous materials

C Y ZHAO, D ZHOU, Z G WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 174-180 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0140-3

摘要： In this paper, the feasibility of using metal foams to enhance the heat transfer capability of phase change materials (PCMs) in low- and high-temperature thermal energy storage systems was assessed. Heat transfer in solid/liquid phase change of porous materials (metal foams and expanded graphite) at low and high temperatures was investigated. Organic commercial paraffin wax and inorganic calcium chloride hydrate were employed as the low-temperature materials, whereas sodium nitrate was used as the high-temperature material in the experiment. Heat transfer characteristics of these PCMs embedded with open-cell metal foams were studied. Composites of paraffin and expanded graphite with a graphite mass ratio of 3%, 6%, and 9% were developed. The heat transfer performances of these composites were tested and compared with metal foams. The results indicate that metal foams have better heat transfer performance due to their continuous inter-connected structures than expanded graphite. However, porous materials can suppress the effects of natural convection in liquid zone, particularly for PCMs with low viscosities, thereby leading to different heat transfer performances at different regimes (solid, solid/liquid, and liquid regions). This implies that porous materials do not always enhance heat transfer in every regime.

关键词： heat transfer     thermal energy storage     phase change materials     natural convection     porous media    

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Polyaniline‒polypyrrole nanocomposites using a green and porous wood as support for supercapacitors

Jian LI, Yue JIAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 137-143 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019257

摘要：

Wood is an ideal type of support material whose porous structure and surface functional groups are beneficial for deposition of various guest substances for different applications. In this paper, wood is employed as a porous support, combined with two kinds of conductive polymers (i.e., polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy)) using an easy and fast liquid polymerization method. Scanning electron microscope observations indicate that the PANI‒PPy complex consists of nanoparticles with a size of ~20 nm. The interactions between oxygen-containing groups in the wood and the nitrogen composition of PANI‒PPy were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The self-supported PANI‒PPy/wood composite is capable of acting as a free-standing supercapacitor electrode, which delivers a high gravimetric specific capacitance of 360 F·g at 0.2 A·g .

关键词： wood     polypyrrole     polyaniline     supercapacitors     nanocomposites    

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Static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded fluid-infiltrated porous skew and elliptical nanoplates

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 477-502 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0918-5

摘要： The analysis of static bending and free and forced vibration responses of functionally graded fluid-infiltrated porous (FGFP) skew and elliptical nanoplates placed on Pasternak’s two-parameter elastic foundation is performed for the first time using isogeometric analysis (IGA) based on the non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBSs) basis function. Three types of porosity distributions affect the mechanical characteristics of materials: symmetric distribution, upper asymmetric distribution, and lower asymmetric distribution. The stress–strain relationship for Biot porous materials was determined using the elastic theory. The general equations of motion of the nanoplates were established using the four-unknown shear deformation plate theory in conjunction with the nonlocal elastic theory and Hamilton’s principle. A computer program that uses IGA to determine the static bending and free and forced vibration of a nanoplate was developed on MATLAB software platform. The accuracy of the computational program was validated via numerical comparison with confidence assertions. This set of programs presents the influence of the following parameters on the static bending and free and forced vibrations of nanoplates: porosity distribution law, porosity coefficient and geometrical parameters, elastic foundation, deviation angle, nonlocal coefficient, different boundary conditions, and Skempton coefficients. The numerical findings demonstrated the uniqueness of the FGFP plate’s behavior when the porosities are saturated with liquid compared with the case without liquid. The findings of this study have significant implications for engineers involved in the design and fabrication of the aforementioned type of structures. Furthermore, this can form the basis for future research on the mechanical responses of the structures.

关键词： static bending     free and forced vibrations     nonlocal theory     isogeometric analysis     fluid-infiltrated porous nanoplates    

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Synthesis of porous carbon from orange peel waste for effective volatile organic compounds adsorption

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 942-953 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2264-x

摘要： Volatile organic compounds have posed a serious threat to the environment and human health, which require urgent and effective removal. In recent years, the preparation of porous carbon from biomass waste for volatile organic compounds adsorption has attracted increasing attention as a very cost-effective and promising technology. In this study, porous carbon was synthesized from orange peel by urea-assisted hydrothermal carbonization and KOH activation. The role of typical components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) in pore development and volatile organic compounds adsorption was investigated. Among the three components, hemicellulose was the major contributor to high porosity and abundant micropores in porous carbon. Higher hemicellulose content led to more abundant –COOR, amine-N, and pyrrolic/pyridonic-N in the derived hydrochar, which were favorable for porosity formation during activation. In this case, the toluene adsorption capacity of the porous carbon improved from 382.8 to 485.3 mg·g–1. Unlike hemicellulose, cellulose reduced the >C=O, amine-N, and pyrrolic/pyridonic-N content of the hydrochar, which caused porosity deterioration and worse toluene adsorption performance. Lignin bestowed the hydrochar with slightly increased –COOR, pyrrolic/pyridonic-N, and graphitic-N, and reduced >C=O, resulting in comparatively poor porosity and more abundant micropores. In general, the obtained porous carbon possessed abundant micropores and high specific surface area, with the highest up to 2882 m2·g–1. This study can provide guidance for selecting suitable biomass waste to synthesize porous carbon with better porosity for efficient volatile organic compounds adsorption.

关键词： biomass waste     porous carbon     feedstock composition     urea-assisted hydrothermal carbonization     toluene adsorption     N-doped hydrochar    

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Bicontinuous porous membranes with micro-nano composite structure using a facile atomization-assisted

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期   页码 1268-1280 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2143-5

摘要： The micro-nano composite structure can endow separation membranes with special surface properties, but it often has the problems of inefficient preparation process and poor structural stability. In this work, a novel atomization-assisted nonsolvent induced phase separation method, which is also highly efficient and very simple, has been developed. By using this method, a bicontinuous porous microfiltration membrane with robust micro-nano composite structure was obtained via commercially available polymers of polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The formation mechanism of the micro-nano composite structure was proposed. The microphase separation of polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone components during the atomization pretreatment process and the hydrogen bonding between polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone molecules should have resulted in the nano-protrusions on the membrane skeleton. The membrane exhibits superhydrophilicity in air and superoleophobicity underwater. The membrane can separate both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency and permeation flux. With excellent antifouling property and robust microstructure, the membrane can easily be recycled for long-term separation. Furthermore, the scale-up verification from laboratory preparation to continuous production has been achieved. The simple, efficient, cost-effective preparation method and excellent membrane properties indicate the great potential of the developed membranes in practical applications.

关键词： atomization     nonsolvent induced phase separation     bicontinuous porous structure     micro-nano composite structure     oil-water separation    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Fabricating sustainable lignin-derived porous carbon as electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

期刊论文

Optimized porous clay heterostructure for removal of acetaldehyde and toluene from indoor air

Pu ZHAO,Lizhong ZHU

期刊论文

Maximum entropy based finite element analysis of porous media

Emad NOROUZI, Hesam MOSLEMZADEH, Soheil MOHAMMADI

期刊论文

S-enriched porous polymer derived N-doped porous carbons for electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Chao Zhang, Chenbao Lu, Shuai Bi, Yang Hou, Fan Zhang, Ming Cai, Yafei He, Silvia Paasch, Xinliang Feng, Eike Brunner, Xiaodong Zhuang

期刊论文

Hierarchically porous materials: Synthesis strategies and emerging applications

Minghui Sun, Chen Chen, Lihua Chen, Baolian Su

期刊论文

Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon derived from sodium alginate enhanced capacitive deionization

期刊论文

The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

期刊论文

An investigation on prevalent strategies for XFEM-based numerical modeling of crack growth in porous

期刊论文

Electrodeposited porous Pb electrode with improved electrocatalytic performance for the electroreduction

Jing WANG, Hua WANG, Zhenzhen HAN, Jinyu HAN

期刊论文

Permeability analysis and seepage process study on crystal layer in melt crystallization with fractal and porous

Xiaobin JIANG, Baohong HOU, Yongli WANG, Jingkang WANG

期刊论文

Heat transfer of phase change materials (PCMs) in porous materials

C Y ZHAO, D ZHOU, Z G WU

期刊论文

Polyaniline‒polypyrrole nanocomposites using a green and porous wood as support for supercapacitors

Jian LI, Yue JIAO

期刊论文

Static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded fluid-infiltrated porous skew and elliptical nanoplates

期刊论文

Synthesis of porous carbon from orange peel waste for effective volatile organic compounds adsorption

期刊论文

Bicontinuous porous membranes with micro-nano composite structure using a facile atomization-assisted

期刊论文