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Real-time simulation platform for photovoltaic system with a boost converter using MPPT algorithm ina DSP controller

Geethanjali PURUSHOTHAMAN, Vimisha VENUGOPALAN, Aleena Mariya VINCENT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 373-379 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0272-8

摘要： Recently, real-time simulation of renewable energy sources are indispensible for evaluating the performance of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, especially in the photovoltaic (PV) system in order to reduce cost in the testing phase. Nowadays, real time PV simulators are obtained by using analog and/or digital components. In this paper, a real-time simulation of a PV system with a boost converter was proposed using only the digital signal processor (DSP) processor with two DC voltage sources to emulate the temperature and irradiation in the PV system. A MATLAB/Simulink environment was used to develop the real-time PV system with a boost converter into a C-program and build it into a DSP controller TMS320F28335. Besides, the performance of the real-time DSP-based PV was tested in different temperature and irradiation conditions to observe the P-V and V-I characteristics. Further, the performance of the PV with a boost converter was tested at different temperatures and irradiations using MPPT algorithms. This scheme was tested through simulation and the results were validated with that of standard conditions given in the PV data sheets. Implementation of this project helped to attract more researchers to study renewable energy applications without real sources. This might facilitate the study of PV systems in a real-time scenario and the evaluation of what should be expected for PV modules available in the market.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV) module digital signal processor (DSP) controller power electronic converter real-time simulation

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Dynamic characteristics and improved MPPT control of PV generator

Houda BRAHMI, Rachid DHIFAOUI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 342-350 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0242-1

摘要： This paper presents a mathematical model of photovoltaic (PV) module and gives a strategy to calculate online the maximum power point (MPP). The variation of series and shunt resistor are taken into account in the model and are dynamically identified using the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by laboratory experiments obtained by implementing the model on the dSPACE DS1104 board.

关键词： modeling of photovoltaic (PV) generator maximum power point tracking (MPPT) estimation parameters real time controller

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Convergence to real-time decision making

James M. TIEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 204-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0040-5

摘要： Real-time decision making reflects the convergence of several digital technologies, including those concerned with the promulgation of artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies that underpin real-time actions. More specifically, real-time decision making can be depicted in terms of three converging dimensions: Internet of Things, decision making, and real-time. The Internet of Things include tangible goods, intangible services, ServGoods, and connected ServGoods. Decision making includes model-based analytics (since before 1990), information-based Big Data (since 1990), and training-based artificial intelligence (since 2000), and it is bolstered by the evolving real-time technologies of sensing (i.e., capturing streaming data), processing (i.e., applying real-time analytics), reacting (i.e., making decisions in real-time), and learning (i.e., employing deep neural networks). Real-time includes mobile networks, autonomous vehicles, and artificial general intelligence. Central to decision making, especially real-time decision making, is the ServGood concept, which the author introduced in an earlier paper (2012). It is a physical product or good encased by a services layer that renders the good more adaptable and smarter for a specific purpose or use. Addition of another communication sensors layer could further enhance its smartness and adaptiveness. Such connected ServGoods constitute a solid foundation for the advanced products of tomorrow which can further display their growing intelligence through real-time decisions.

关键词： real-time decision making services goods ServGoods Big Data Internet of Things artificial intelligence wireless communications

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A model reference adaptive control based method for actuator delay estimation in real-time testing

Cheng CHEN, James M. RICLES

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 277-286 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0072-8

摘要： Real-time testing provides a viable experimental technique to evaluate the performance of structural systems subjected to dynamic loading. Servo-hydraulic actuators are often utilized to apply calculated displacements from an integration algorithm to the experimental structures in a real-time manner. The compensation of actuator delay is therefore critical to achieve stable and reliable experimental results. The advances in compensation methods based on adaptive control theory enable researchers to accommodate variable actuator delay and achieve good actuator control for real-time tests. However, these adaptive methods all require time duration for actuator delay adaptation. Experiments show that a good actuator delay estimate can help optimize the performance of the adaptive compensation methods. The rate of adaptation also requires that a good actuator delay estimate be acquired especially for the tests where the peak structural response might occur at the beginning of the tests. This paper presents a model reference adaptive control based method to identify the parameter of a simplified discrete model for servo-hydraulic dynamics and the resulting compensation method. Simulations are conducted using both numerical analysis and experimental results to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method.

关键词： real-time testing actuator delay compensation adaptive control MIT rule discrete transfer function

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Real-time prediction of tunnel face conditions using XGBoost Random Forest algorithm

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 1777-1795 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0044-4

摘要： Real-time perception of rock conditions based on continuously collected data to meet the requirements of continuous Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) construction presents a critical challenge that warrants increased attention. To achieve this goal, this paper establishes real-time prediction models for fractured and weak rock mass by comparing 6 different algorithms using real-time data collected by the TBM. The models are optimized in terms of selecting metric, selecting input features, and processing imbalanced data. The results demonstrate the following points. (1) The Youden’s index and area under the ROC curve (AUC) are the most appropriate performance metrics, and the XGBoost Random Forest (XGBRF) algorithm exhibits superior prediction and generalization performance. (2) The duration of the TBM loading phase is short, usually within a few minutes after the disc cutter contacts the tunnel face. A model based on the features during the loading phase has a miss rate of 21.8%, indicating that it can meet the early warning needs of TBM construction well. As the TBM continues to operate, the inclusion of features calculated from subsequent data collection can continuously correct the results of the real-time prediction model, ultimately reducing the miss rate to 16.1%. (3) Resampling the imbalanced data set can effectively improve the prediction by the model, while the XGBRF algorithm has certain advantages in dealing with the imbalanced data issue. When the model gives an alarm, the TBM operator and on-site engineer can be reminded and take some necessary measures for avoiding potential tunnel collapse. The real-time predication model can be a useful tool to increase the safety of TBM excavation.

关键词： Tunnel Boring Machine fractured and weak rock mass machine learning model real-time early warming tunnel face rock condition

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WEIS wheel speed real-time measuring method for VOSM

Mengyao PAN, Guixiong LIU, Xiaobin HONG, Tusheng LIN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 322-327 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0022-0

摘要： Wheel speed is one of the key parameters of vehicle operating attitude. To solve the problems in traditional wheel speed measuring methods, such as low measurement precision and the lack of real-time monitoring of the vehicle’s operating attitude, a wheel embedded intelligent sensors (WEIS) wheel speed measuring method for vehicle operating safety states monitoring (VOSM) is innovatively proposed. Radial acceleration signal is obtained through a WEIS module embedded in the hub. Using wavelet packet to implement wavelet de-noising for the non-stationary acceleration signals, and adopting short-time Fourier transform (STFT) algorithm to extract the signal characteristics, the wheel speed measurement can be achieved. The experimental result shows that under experimental conditions the speed measurement error is −2.05%, and the speed measuring response time is 0.45 s.

关键词： wheel embedded intelligent sensing wheel speed monitoring

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Real-time task processing method based on edge computing for spinning CPS

Shiyong YIN, Jinsong BAO, Jie LI, Jie ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 320-331 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0542-1

摘要： Spinning production is a typical continuous manufacturing process characterized by high speed and uncertain dynamics. Each manufacturing unit in spinning production produces various real-time tasks, which may affect production efficiency and yarn quality if not processed in time. This paper presents an edge computing-based method that is different from traditional centralized cloud computation because its decentralization characteristics meet the high-speed and high-response requirements of yarn production. Edge computing nodes, real-time tasks, and edge computing resources are defined. A system model is established, and a real-time task processing method is proposed for the edge computing scenario. Experimental results indicate that the proposed real-time task processing method based on edge computing can effectively solve the delay problem of real-time task processing in spinning cyber-physical systems, save bandwidth, and enhance the security of task transmission.

关键词： edge computing real-time task scheduling CPS spinning

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Design and use of group-specific primers and probes for real-time quantitative PCR

Juntaek LIM, Seung Gu SHIN, Seungyong LEE, Seokhwan HWANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 28-39 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0302-x

摘要： Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has gained popularity as a technique to detect and quantify a specific group of target microorganisms from various environmental samples including soil, water, sediments, and sludge. Although qPCR is a very useful technique for nucleic acid quantification, accurately quantifying the target microbial group strongly depends on the quality of the primer and probe used. Many aspects of conducting qPCR assays have become increasingly routine and automated; however, one of the most important aspects, designing and selecting primer and probe sets, is often a somewhat arcane process. In many cases, failed or non-specific amplification can be attributed to improperly designed primer-probe sets. This paper is intended to provide guidelines and general principles for designing group-specific primers and probes for qPCR assays. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these guidelines by reviewing the use of qPCR to study anaerobic processes and biologic nutrient removal processes. qPCR assays using group-specific primers and probes designed with this method, have been used to successfully quantify 16S ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (16S rRNA) gene copy numbers from target methanogenic and ammonia- oxidizing bacteria in various laboratory- and full-scale biologic processes. Researchers with a good command of primer and probe design can use qPCR as a valuable tool to study biodiversity and to develop more efficient control strategies for biologic processes.

关键词： absolute quantification design guideline primer probe real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)

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Virtual network embedding based on real-time topological attributes

Jian DING,Tao HUANG,Jiang LIU,Yun-jie LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第2期页码 109-118 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400147

摘要： As a great challenge of network virtualization, virtual network embedding/mapping is increasingly important. It aims to successfully and efficiently assign the nodes and links of a virtual network (VN) onto a shared substrate network. The problem has been proved to be NP-hard and some heuristic algorithms have been proposed. However, most of the algorithms use only the local information of a node, such as CPU capacity and bandwidth, to determine how to map a VN, without considering the topological attributes which may pose significant impact on the performance of the embedding. In this paper, a new embedding algorithm is proposed based on real-time topological attributes. The concept of betweenness centrality in graph theory is borrowed to sort the nodes of VNs, and the nodes of the substrate network are sorted according to the correlation properties between the former selected and unselected nodes. In this way, node mapping and link mapping can be well coupled. A simulator is built to evaluate the performance of the proposed virtual network embedding (VNE) algorithm. The results show that the new algorithm significantly increases the revenue/cost (R/C) ratio and acceptance ratio as well as reduces the runtime.

关键词： Virtual network embedding (VNE) Real-time topological attributes Betweenness centrality Correlation properties Network virtualization

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交通流诱导系统实时方法研究

崔建明,叶怀珍

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第10期页码 64-66

摘要：

交通流的实时诱导系统多为建立在单位时间的信息重构，一旦在周期时间内事故发生，则造成行驶车辆正常诱导无法进行。通过对实际交通状况的分析，提出一个新的并且简单可行的解决方案。方案在原有系统中增加了对实时事件突发诱导系统的修正，减少系统应变时间。此方案是建立在现有的诱导基础之上的改进技术，可以在交通流诱导系统中大范围推广应用。

关键词：交通流诱导系统仿真突发事件实时诱导

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A highly selective fluorescent probe for real-time imaging of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 in living

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 103-111 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2064-8

摘要： Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are enzymes involved in the biotransformation of important endogenous compounds such as steroids, bile acids, and hormones as well as exogenous substances including drugs, environmental toxicants, and carcinogens. Here, a novel fluorescent probe BDMP was developed based on boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with high sensitivity for the detection of UGT1A8. The glucuronidation of BDMP not only exhibited a red-emission wavelength (λ_ex/λ_em = 500/580 nm), but also displayed an excellent UGT1A8-dependent fluorescence signal with a good linear relationship with UGT1A8 concentration. Based on this perfect biocompatibility and cell permeability, BDMP was successfully used to image endogenous UGT1A8 in human cancer cell lines (LoVo and HCT15) in real time. In addition, BDMP could also be used to visualize UGT1A8 in tumor tissues. These results suggested that BDMP is a promising molecular tool for the investigation of UGT1A8-mediated physiological function in humans.

关键词： UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 fluorescent probe subtype selectivity fluorescence imaging

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Integration of VR with BIM to facilitate real-time creation of bill of quantities during the design phase

Jordan DAVIDSON, John FOWLER, Charalampos PANTAZIS, Massimo SANNINO, Jordan WALKER, Moslem SHEIKHKHOSHKAR, Farzad Pour RAHIMIAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 396-403 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0039-y

摘要： As building practices change, procedures that seemed indispensable at one point can be abandoned for others, one example of which is the bill of quantities (B/Q). Research into the extant literature attributes the declining use of B/Qs to a multitude of reasons, such as its complexity, the potentially long time required to produce it, the growth in popularity of non-traditional procurement systems, and the challenge of using the information within the document in a construction schedule. With these issues in mind, building information modeling (BIM) and virtual reality (VR) are combined and proposed as a potential solution that allows inclusion of the client into the design process. Following a literature review and precedent study, an experiment was carried out using this new process to simulate a client’s design decisions on window and interior furnishings. The choices made by the client using VR automatically updated a B/Q schedule built in Revit and allowed them to have a firm understanding of project costs. Besides giving the client more confidence in a pleasing final outcome, the technology also ensured an up-to-date, accurate, and easily understandable B/Q. The proposed method features great potential savings in cost and time and gives the B/Q a newfound importance in future construction processes. The research case presented in this paper is a stepping stone in exploring new opportunities offered by VR and BIM and how they could improve the reliability and accuracy of traditional procurement within construction, specifically within the B/Q document.

关键词： virtual reality bill of quantities BIM Revit real-time synchronisation

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UsingKinect for real-time emotion recognition via facial expressions

Qi-rong MAO,Xin-yu PAN,Yong-zhao ZHAN,Xiang-jun SHEN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第4期页码 272-282 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400209

摘要： Emotion recognition via facial expressions (ERFE) has attracted a great deal of interest with recent advances in artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. Most studies are based on 2D images, and their performance is usually computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a real-time emotion recognition approach based on both 2D and 3D facial expression features captured by Kinect sensors. To capture the deformation of the 3D mesh during facial expression, we combine the features of animation units (AUs) and feature point positions (FPPs) tracked by Kinect. A fusion algorithm based on improved emotional profiles (IEPs) and maximum confidence is proposed to recognize emotions with these real-time facial expression features. Experiments on both an emotion dataset and a real-time video show the superior performance of our method.

关键词： Kinect Emotion recognition Facial expression Real-time classification Fusion algorithm Support vector machine (SVM)

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hydrophobic environment triggering reactive fluorescence probe to real-time monitor mitochondrial DNA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 92-102 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2063-9

摘要： Mitochondrial DNA has a special structure that is prone to damage resulting in many serious diseases, such as genetic diseases and cancers. Therefore, the rapid and specific monitoring of mitochondrial DNA damage is urgently needed for biological recognition. Herein, we constructed an in situ hydrophobic environment-triggering reactive fluorescence probe named MBI-CN. The fluorophore was 2-styrene-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, and malononitrile was introduced as a core into a molecule to initiate the hydrolysis reaction in the specific environment containing damaged mitochondrial DNA. In this design, MBI-CN conjugates to mitochondrial DNA without causing additional damages. Thus, MBI-CN can be hydrolyzed to generate MBI-CHO in an in situ hydrophobic environment with mitochondrial DNA damage. Meanwhile, MBI-CHO immediately emitted a significative fluorescence signal changes at 437 and 553 nm within 25 s for the damaged mitochondria DNA. Give that the specific and rapid response of MBI-CN does not cause additional damages to mitochondrial DNA, it is a potentially effective detection tool for the real-time monitoring of mitochondrial DNA damage during cell apoptosis and initial assessment of cell apoptosis.

关键词： hydrolysis reaction mitochondrial DNA damage in situ hydrophobic environment trigger fluorescence probe apoptosis

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实时灌溉预报

茆智,李远华,李会昌

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第5期页码 24-33

摘要：

实时灌溉预报是制定动态灌溉用水计划的基础，对灌区节水，增加作物产量和提高经济效益起着重要作用。其重点与难点内容是作物需水量实时预报。国内外已有的作物需水量预报方法与模型，是建立在历史典型水文年资料基础之上的，无法用于实时预报。文章分析了作物需水量与气象条件和非气象条件（主要是植物条件以及土壤条件）之间的关系，提出了根据天气类型、作物绿叶覆盖率和土壤有效含水率3项因素进行作物需水量实时预报的方法与模型，介绍了具体的预报步骤与计算框图，改进了常规的预报方法，主要是用预报的天气类型（晴、昙、阴、雨）代替修正彭曼法中所需的气温、空气湿度、日照时数与风速4项气象因素，用绿叶覆盖率代替叶面积指数，并提出了新的计算土壤水分修正系数的数学模型。

关键词：灌溉实时预报作物需水量灌溉制度