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Heat Integration retrofit analysis—an oil refinery case study by Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram

Andreja NEMET, Jiří Jaromír KLEMEŠ, Petar Sabev VARBANOV, Valter MANTELLI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 163-182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1520-8

摘要： Heat Integration has been established over the last decades as a proven chemical engineering methodology. Two design implementations are often used in the industry: grassroots and retrofit. Although various methods have been developed for retrofit, it still needs more development to ensure simultaneously thermodynamic feasibility and economic viability. In this paper, a novel graphical approach has been developed to facilitate the understanding of the current situation and scope of improvement. The Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram presents all streams and heat exchangers in temperature scale and the heat exchangers are clearly separated from each other, enabling clear visualisation of the current state. The tool incorporates the previously developed Cross-Pinch Analysis as well as path approach for retrofit. Additionally, the non-vertical heat transfer can be evaluated. The application of the developed tool has been validated on an oil refinery case study. The applicability of the tool is evident as it can reveal additional options for modification that none of the previous methods considered.

关键词： Heat Integration retrofit Pinch Analysis thermodynamic approach oil refinery

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Seismic retrofit of existing SRC frames using rocking walls and steel dampers

Akira WADA, Zhe QU, Shojiro MOTOYUI, Hiroyasu SAKATA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 259-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0114-x

摘要： A retrofit of an existing 11-story steel reinforced concrete frame that features the innovative use of post-tensioned rocking walls and shear steel dampers is presented. The main components of the retrofitting plan and important design considerations are described. The retrofitting system is expected to effectively control the deformation pattern of the existing structure and significantly reduce damage to the existing structure during major earthquakes.

关键词： building structure seismic retrofit rocking wall steel damper

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Automated retrofit targeting of heat exchanger networks

Timothy G. Walmsley, Nathan S. Lal, Petar S. Varbanov, Jiří J. Klemeš

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 630-642 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1747-2

摘要：

The aim of this paper is to develop a novel heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit method based on a new automated retrofit targeting (ART) algorithm. ART uses the heat surplus-deficit table (HSDT) in combination with the Bridge Retrofit concepts to generate retrofit bridges option, from which a retrofit design may be formulated. The HSDT is a tabular tool that shows potential for improved re-integration of heat source and sink streams within a HEN. Using the HSDT, retrofit bridges—a set of modifications that links a cooler to a heater to save energy—may be identified, quantified, and compared. The novel retrofit method including the ART algorithm has been successfully implemented in Microsoft Excel^TM to enable analysis of large-scale HENs. A refinery case study with 27 streams and 46 existing heat exchangers demonstrated the retrofit method’s potential. For the case study, the ART algorithm found 68903 feasible unique retrofit opportunities with a minimum 400 kW·unit⁻¹ threshold for heat recovery divided by the number of new units. The most promising retrofit project required 3 new heat exchanger units to achieve a heat savings of 4.24 MW with a favorable annualised profit and a reasonable payback period.

关键词： process retrofit pinch analysis heat exchanger network heat recovery

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既有居住建筑节能改造外部性及其量化研究

赵琰,刘晓君

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第10期页码 100-105

摘要：

既有商品住宅节能改造具有一定程度的外部性，阻碍了节能改造的深入开展。通过分析节能改造外部性的产生原因和外部性表现，建立外部性测算方法，为外部性内部化，构建节能改造外部性偿还机制提供必要依据。采用经济学理论与方法对既有商品住宅节能改造外部性的产生和表现等进行了分析，在识别外部性供体与受体的基础上，提出了节能改造外部性的测算方法。通过案例分析论证了外部性测算方法的适用性。结果表明，应减轻或消除外部性对节能改造的影响，采取必要手段将节能改造外部性内部化，构建统一的节能改造外部性测算方法，建立节能改造外部性偿还与节能量交易机制。

关键词：既有商品住宅节能改造外部性测算

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Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement

Patrick X.W. ZOU, Morshed ALAM, Van Manh PHUNG, Dipika WAGLE, Rodney STEWART, Edoardo BERTONE, Oz SAHIN, Chris BUNTINE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 92-103 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017101

摘要： Government buildings are responsible for a significant proportion of energy consumption worldwide, for example, in Australia, up to 41.5 PJ energy was consumed by government buildings in 2011–2012. While the newly constructed buildings may be energy efficient, the existing buildings, which account for more than 85% of the total building stock, were built prior to the time when energy rating systems was put in practice and are consequently energy inefficient to a large degree. Reducing the energy consumption in existing government buildings is essential, as it will not only reduce the costs and environmental impacts, but also show governments’ strong commitment towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Furthermore, successful building energy retrofit projects are the showcases to the general public, encouraging other sectors (e.g. commercial) to conduct building retrofits for energy savings. Recognising these benefits, several state governments in Australia have introduced building energy efficiency policies and programs. This paper reviewed the energy efficiency policies/programs in five States in Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland in terms of respective policies and targets, implementation methods and current progress. The lessons learned from these programs were also discussed. This research revealed that the key factors for a successful government building energy retrofitting program are 1) having a properly enforced energy efficiency mandate with clear energy saving targets, 2) establishing an expert facilitation team and 3) implementing suitable financing and procurement methods.

关键词： building energy retrofit policy energy efficiency energy performance contract energy auditing

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PBO纤维片材预应力外粘结加固集成新技术

吴智深,岩下健太郎,牛赫东

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第9期页码 18-24

摘要：

近年采用外部粘结纤维增强复合材料(FRP)来加固结构越来越受到许多研究开发机构和生产单位的重视。结合作者在FRP方面的研究成果和最新开发出的高强高性能的PBO纤维材料，系统地提出了一种更为有效的预应力外粘结加固方法；通过与玻璃纤维、炭素纤维和芳纶纤维等的比较，认清了新型PBO纤维材料的特性；根据既有的试验和研究成果提出了一套完整的预应力加固方法的流程，包括概念、原理和几种降低端部界面应力和新型锚固的措施；室内小型试验和室外大型试验的结果表明，PBO片材预应力技术能够提供令人满意的加固性能。

关键词：纤维增强聚合物(FRP) PBO纤维片材增强加固外粘结锚固措施

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A multi-objective design method for seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete frames using pin-supported rocking walls

Yue CHEN; Rong XU; Hao WU; Tao SHENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 1089-1103 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0851-z

摘要： Over the past several decades, a variety of technical ways have been developed in seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete frames (RFs). Among them, pin-supported rocking walls (PWs) have received much attentions to researchers recently. However, it is still a challenge that how to determine the stiffness demand of PWs and assign the value of the drift concentration factor (DCF) for entire systems rationally and efficiently. In this paper, a design method has been exploited for seismic retrofitting of existing RFs using PWs (RF-PWs) via a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Then, the method has been investigated and verified through a practical project. Finally, a parametric analysis was executed to exhibit the strengths and working mechanism of the multi-objective design method. To sum up, the findings of this investigation show that the method furnished in this paper is feasible, functional and can provide adequate information for determining the stiffness demand and the value of the DCF for PWs. Furthermore, it can be applied for the preliminary design of these kinds of structures.

关键词： pin-supported rocking wall reinforced concrete frame seismic retrofit stiffness demand drift concentration factor multi-objective design genetic algorithm Pareto optimal solution